Reconsidering the structure of the questionnaire for eudaimonic well-being using wide age-range Japanese adult sample: An exploratory analysis.

BACKGROUND: An increasing amount of research is now highlighting the importance of approaching issues of happiness through eudaimonic well-being. However, the literature does not conclusively show a full understanding of the construct of eudaimonic well-being, as previous studies primarily focused on younger samples from Western countries and only a few studies have attempted to explore its psychological construct through exploratory approaches. Therefore, we conducted a survey among a wide range of age groups in Japan to capture the psychological construct of eudaimonic well-being, through an exploratory analytic approach using Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Wellbeing (QEWB). METHODS: A total of 1126 Japanese participants (580 females, 546 males) were included for analysis. Participants were divided into three age groups according to their age, including 10s to 20s (18-29 years), 30s to 40s (30-49 years) and 50s to 60s (50-69 years). After narrowing down the total number of factors by exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), we conducted an ESEM and bifactor ESEM with oblique goemin and oblique bi-geomin rotations for choosing and assessing the final model based on the rotated results and its interpretability. RESULTS: The results of a parallel analysis and goodness-of-fit indices obtained by ESEM indicated that the QEWB consisted of three or more factors. Both a three-to-six factor and bifactor ESEM with oblique goemin rotation showed that three-factor structure for the 30s to 40s and 50s to 60s and four-factor structure for the 10s to 20s should be chosen, respectively. "Deep and Meaningful Engagement," a factor only relevant to the 10s to 20s may be an expanded version of what original paper called the Intense Involvement in Activities, with more emphasis on the enthusiastic attitude one has towards activities. CONCLUSIONS: The structure of eudaimonic well-being may differ across cultures and ages, thus requiring further investigation in the field.

Repetitive cerebral blood flow measurements using laser speckle imaging in a transient cerebral ischemic mouse model.

Using laser speckle imaging (LSI), which can visualize quadratic distribution of blood flow, we measured blood flow changes in transient cerebral ischemic mice, and compared these results with data obtained using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). In addition, we examined the relationship between ischemic damage and blood flow change. ICR mice (n = 22) were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion using a 6-0 monofilament under general anesthesia. LSI was performed before -ischemia, during ischemia, and 30 min, 3 h, 24 h, 7 days, and 28 days after ischemia. LDF was monitored continuously from pre-ischemia to 10 min after ischemia commenced. The level of cerebral blood flow (CBF) measured by LSI was less than that using LDF. LSI was able to measure CBF quantitatively and repeatedly. Blood flow -measurements using LSI revealed that recovery of cerebral cortical blood flow after ischemia in mice without cortical infarction was earlier than that seen in mice with cortical infarction. This study indicates that LSI is a -useful technique for analyzing the relationship between -tissue damage and cerebral blood flow change following cerebral ischemia.

[Use of Airwayscope with pediatric intlock in a patient with first and second branchial arch syndrome].

First and second branchial arch syndrome is a congenital anomaly of craniofacial dysplasia involving organs derived from the second branchial arch. The main characteristics are microtia and mandibular hypoplasia. A 6-year-old boy was scheduled for adenoidectomy and bilateral myringotomy and tube placement. Slow induction was performed with oxygen, nitrous oxide, and sevoflurane. No difficulties were encountered during mask ventilation, and rocuronium was administered intravenously. His epiglottis was not visible during laryngoscopy. Therefore, we used the Airwayscope (AWS). His glottis was visible after application of cricold pressure from the left side. However, we could not closely conform his epiglottis to the mark on the AWS. Therefore, we passed a fiberoptic bronchoscope through a tracheal tube and placed it in the AWS. We attempted to intubate the trachea, but could not guide the bronchoscope to his glottis. We then attempted to pull the tracheal tube to improve the mobility of the bronchoscope. Control of the bronchoscope consequently became easy We successfully guided it to his glottis and performed tracheal intubation. His condition was stable during the procedure. In conclusion, we safely performed tracheal intubation in a patient with first and second branchial arch syndrome using the AWS and a fiberoptic bronchoscope.