ABSTRACT
Triterpene derivatives with an α,ß-alkenenitrile moiety in the five-membered ring A have been synthesized by nitrile anion cyclizations of 1-cyano-2,3-secotriterpenoids. Oxime-containing precursors, 2,3-secointermediates and five-membered ring A products of cyclizations were screened for in vitro antiviral activity against enveloped viruses - influenza A virus and human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1). Lupane ketoxime and the 2,3-secolupane C-3 aldoxime which possess antiviral activities against both influenza A virus (EC50 12.9-18.2 µM) and HIV-1 (EC50 0.06 µM) were the most promising compounds.
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/chemistry , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Terpenes/chemistry , Terpenes/pharmacology , Cyclization , HIV-1/drug effects , Influenza A Virus, H7N1 Subtype/drug effects , Models, Molecular , Molecular Conformation , Oximes/chemistryABSTRACT
The goal of this investigation was to comparatively study the efficiency of traditionally used anti-infective drugs and biopolymer complexes originated from the medicinal mushroom Fomes fomentarius (L.:Fr.) Fr.: 1) water-soluble melanin-glucan complex (MGC; -80% melanins and -20% beta-glucans) and 2) insoluble chitin-glucan-melanin complex (ChGMC; -70% chitin, -20% beta-glucans, and -10% melanins). Infectious materials (Helicobacter pylori, Candida albicans, and Herpes vulgaris I and HIV-1(zmb) were used in pure cultures of in vitro and in vivo models on experimental animals. Comparison studies of fungal biopolymers and effective modern antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral drugs were used in in vitro models. The comparative clinical efficiency of ChGMC and of etiotropic pharmaceuticals in models of H. pylori, C. albicans, and H. vulgaris I infection contamination were studied. Using in vitro models, it was established that MGC completely depresses growth of C. albicans. MGC had an antimicrobial effect on H. pylori identical to erythromycin in all concentrations, and had a stronger action on this bacterium than other tested antibiotics. Tested MGC possesses simultaneously weak toxicity and high anti-HIV-1 activity in comparison with zidovudine (Retrovir). The obtained results show that CLUDDT therapy in Wistar rats with the application of ChGMC is, on average, 1.35-1.43 times as effective as a traditional one. Considering the absence of MGC and ChGMC toxic properties on blood cells even in very high concentrations, these complexes may be used as a source of biopolymers for the creation of essentially new agents for wide application in infectious pathology.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Complex Mixtures/pharmacology , Coriolaceae/chemistry , Melanins/pharmacology , beta-Glucans/pharmacology , Animals , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Biopolymers/pharmacology , Biopolymers/therapeutic use , Candida albicans/drug effects , Chitin/pharmacology , Chitin/therapeutic use , Complex Mixtures/therapeutic use , Female , HIV-1/drug effects , Helicobacter pylori/drug effects , Herpesviridae/drug effects , Male , Melanins/therapeutic use , Models, Animal , Neutrophils/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Time Factors , beta-Glucans/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes with 4,6-di-tert-butyl-3-[(2-hydroxyethyl)thio]benzene-1,2-diol (L) have been synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analysis, TG/DTA, FT-IR, ESR, UV-vis, XRD, magnetic susceptibility, cyclic voltammetry and conductance measurements. According to the data obtained the organic compound acts as a bidentate O,S-coordinated ligand and yields Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes of the stoichiometry ML(2) which is characterized by square planar geometry. Antifungal and anti-HIV activities of the ligand and its metal(II) complexes were found to decrease in the sequence CuL(2)>CoL(2) ~ NiL(2)>HL, along with their reducing ability (determined electrochemically).
