[Changes in the WHO classification (2020) of soft tissue tumors]. / Izmeneniya v klassifikatsii VOZ (2020 g.) opukholei myagkikh tkanei.

The article provides an overview of the main changes in the current (2020) WHO classification of soft tissue tumors, as well as selected updates that have occurred since the release of the classification.

[The use of intralaboratory and external quality control of immunohistochemical studies to improve the detection of estrogen and progesterone receptors]. / Primenenie vnutrilaboratornogo i vneshnego kontrolya kachestva immunogistokhimicheskikh issledovanii dlya uluchsheniya vyyavleniya retseptorov estrogenov i progesteronov.

Immunohistochemical study of breast cancer has been practiced for several decades; however, the standardization of this process has not yet been achieved, despite substantial advances in methodology. The paper presents practical guidelines and standards for testing breast carcinomas, which can be used as day-to-day control of the work of an immunohistochemistry laboratory. It considers the concept of external quality control in the immunohistochemical detection of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors, as well as the problems of harmonization in the immunohistochemical analysis of breast carcinomas, by using the nuclear biomarkers, such as ER and PR, as an example. The agreed standard-based external control in determining the optimal result may yield reproducible data for use in clinical practice.

[The fluorescent immune cytochemical analysis of exudations and washouts from serous cavities under intra-operational cytological diagnostic.]

According publications' data, the range of diagnostic sensitivity of cytological analysis of exudates makes up to 64%-96%. In case of emergency intra-operational diagnostic, a necessity occurs to implement additional techniques. One of them is a fluorescent immune cytochemical analysis with monoclonal antibodies to BER-EP4, conjugated with fluorochrome FITC. The mentioned analysis demonstrates high diagnostic specificity and sensitivity under differential diagnostic of metastatic and reactive exudates.

[Determination of receptor and HER2 status of breast cancer using tissue matrix technology. Validation of the method].

We studied ability of TMA technique as alternative to analysis of whole sections (WS) for breast carcinomas. The study included 229 patients with breast carcinoma T1-2 N0 M0 treated within 2000-2009 years. After whole slide scanning were constructed TMA blocks using 2mm punches and TMA master device (3DHistech, Budapest). TMA results of immunohistochemistry of HER2 were compared retrospectively with the results of WS. General distribution of HER2 status for WS was: negative (0+1) 85,5%, unequal (2+) 6,07%, positive (3+) - 8.41%, for TMA cores negative (0+1) 82,6%, unequal (2+) 7,04%, positive (3+) - 10,33%. When we compared each cases for HER2 there was moderate agreement with negative (score 0) and positive(score 3+) case around 70% and poor agreement in HER2 (1+2+ category) - only 50% 25% including both false negative and false positive estimations. We thought such kind disagreement in individual group was due to using different primary antibodies (all not FDA-approved) in previous years compared with PATHWAY® rmAb 4B5 (Ventana) antibody which was used for TMA slides. For breast cancer TMAs could be reasonable alternative to WS. Especially for Her2 testing, should be used only FDA approved systems and this technique allow reduce time, reagent and finally cost of such type of analysis.

[Prognostic value of markers for proliferative activity and apoptotic regulation in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma].

Prognosis for patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma depends on many factors, among which molecular biological markers receive ever increasing attention. The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic value of the expression of the proteins p53 and bcl-2 and the proliferation markers Ki-67 and cyclin D1 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Biopsy specimens from 64 patients aged 34 to 77 years (mean age 56+1.2 years) with invasive laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, who received combination therapy at the Medical Radiology Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, were studied. The level of Ki-67 and the expression of cyclin D1, p53, and bcl-2 were compared with clinical and anatomic parameters (T stage, tumor grade, and the presence of regional metastases), using Student's t-test and fourfold table analysis (X2 or Fisher's exact test). Survival rates were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method; the significance of differences between survival curves was confirmed by Cox's F-test. The value p0.05 was taken to be significant. Ki-67 is an important prognostic marker for the N status (p=0.03) and recurrence (p=0.04) and a marker for tumor grading (p<0.01). Cyclin D1 expression is associated with low overall and relapse-free survival rates (p=0.05 and 0.03, respectively). The prognostic marker for a recurrence is p53 (p=0.01) that is related to the N status at the trend level (p=0.08). The marker bcl-2 is associated with high overall survival (p=0.01) and N status at the trend level (p=0.08).

[An investigation of extracellular HER-2/NEU domain level in blood serum from breast cancer patients].

A series of 159 tests on HER2 ECD in blood serum from breast cancer patients established the following correlations: enhanced levels of the marker occurred more often in patients with multiple metastases to different organs alongside those with bone metastases; patients in loco-regional relapse tended to show elevated levels too. It is suggested that the method be used for prognosis and monitoring.

[The proliferative properties and regulators of the mitotic cell cycle of prostate adenocarcinoma].

The authors have made an immunohistochemical determination of Ki-67, topoisomerase IIalpha, cyclins D1, A, and B1, and calculated their indices in 145 acinar adenocarcinomas of the prostate. This tumor is characterized by a wide range of Ki-67 index (from 3 to 90% or more) although 90% of cases are in the range of 5-35%. Other study proliferative markers are distributed in the following descending order: cyclin D1 (1.32 to 63.27%), topoisomerase IIalpha (0.47 to 53.17%), cyclin A (0.46 to 28.09%), and cyclin B1 (0.29 to 9.34%). The indices of the study markers are increased as the Gleason grade is higher. The exception is cyclin D1 that shows high expression in intact and tumor tissues, which is frequently greater than that of Ki-67, and its stable expression independent of the Gleason score.

[Predictive value of serum PSA in detection of prostate cancer by fine needle biopsy].

Parallel study of PSA and needle biopsy were performed in 356 men, aged 42-92 years; prostate cancer was detected in 182 cases while no cancer--in 174. When PSA level ranged 4-20 ng/ml, at density of 0.1-0.3, its specificity was low and cancer detection was under 50%. There was a direct correlation between the PSA indices and cancer detection rate, and nearly 100% of tumors were detected at the values of 25-30 ng/ml and 0.5-0.9 respectively. PSA level and especially results of morphological examination by means of prostate needle biopsy (Gleason) offer possibility to visualize tumor size and its malignant potential.