ABSTRACT
A 6-year-old boy with an isolated fracture of the capitate was presented. First radiograghs at our clinic revealed an oblique fracture with a displacement of 5 mm on the lateral view, which we successfully treated with immobilization. When complete union was recognized in the radiographs, the capitate had a deformity consisting of a large prominence on the palmar aspect. During follow-up, the capitate showed marked remodeling and at four and a half years after injury it had regained an almost normal shape. Eleven years after injury, there were no radiographic changes such as malalignment or arthrosis in the carpal bones.
Subject(s)
Carpal Bones/injuries , Fractures, Malunited/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Osseointegration/physiology , Carpal Bones/diagnostic imaging , Child , Follow-Up Studies , Fracture Healing/physiology , Fractures, Malunited/therapy , Humans , Injury Severity Score , Male , Radiography , Risk Assessment , Time Factors , Wrist Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Wrist Injuries/therapyABSTRACT
We examined the hypothesis that the short, intensive exercise-induced increase in circulating neutrophil counts is affected by the interaction between the endocrine and immune systems. Twelve male winter-sports athletes underwent a maximal exercise test on a treadmill. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after (Post), and 1 h (Post 1 h) and 2 h (Post 2 h) after the exercise. The neutrophil counts increased significantly at Post 1 h (P < 0.05) and remained significantly high even at Post 2 h (P < 0.05), showing a leftward shift. Plasma granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) increased at Post (P < 0.05), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) increased at Post 1 h (P < 0.05). Plasma G-CSF at Post significantly correlated with the numbers of both neutrophils and stab cells at Post 1 h (P < 0.05). Plasma IL-6 at Post 1 h levels also correlated significantly with the number of neutrophils at Post 2 h (P < 0.05). The increase in the levels of plasma G-CSF and IL-6 after intensive exercise may play a role in the mobilization of neutrophils into the circulatory system.
