ABSTRACT
Cell walls of three type strains of the "Bacillus subtilis" group, Bacillus mojavensis VKM B-2650, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. amyloliquefaciens VKM B-2582, and Bacillus sonorensis VKM B-2652, are characterized by the individual set of teichoic acids. All strains contained 1,3-poly(glycerophosphates), unsubstituted, acylated with D-alanine, and glycosylated. The latter differ in the nature of the monosaccharide residue. Teichoic acids of B. mojavensis VKM B-2650(T) and B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. amyloliquefaciens VKM B-2582(T) contained α-glucopyranose, while those of VKM B-2652(T) contained ß-glucopyranose and N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine. Moreover cell walls of B. mojavensis VKM B-2650(T) contained a teichoic acid of poly(glycosylglycerophosphate) nature with the following structure of the repeating unit: -4)-α-D-α-D- GlcpNAc-(1--> 3]-Glcp-(1 --> 2)-sn-Gro-(3-P-. The type strains have been characterized according to the composition of cell wall sugars and polyols. Application of teichoic acids (set and structure) as chemotaxonomic characteristics is discussed for six type strains of the "Bacillus subtilis" group. Polymer structures were determined by chemical and NMR spectroscopic techniques.
Subject(s)
Bacillus subtilis/chemistry , Teichoic Acids/chemistry , Bacillus subtilis/metabolism , Carbohydrate Conformation , Species Specificity , Teichoic Acids/metabolismSubject(s)
Bacteria/isolation & purification , Biodiversity , Phylogeny , Soil Microbiology , Arthrobacter/genetics , Arthrobacter/isolation & purification , Bacteria/classification , Bacteria/genetics , Bradyrhizobium/genetics , Bradyrhizobium/isolation & purification , Ecosystem , Microscopy, Electron , Molecular Sequence Data , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S , SiberiaABSTRACT
We studied metabolites synthesized by Bacillus subtilis strains, including the type strain of B. atrophaeus and phenotypically similar cultures. These metabolites were presented by polyene antibiotics with conjugated double bonds. Hexaenes from study strains inhibited the growth of phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium culmorum, F. sporotrichiella, F. oxysporum, Botrytis sorokiniana, Alternaria tenuis, and Phytophtora infestans. The degree of growth inhibition depended on the test fungus.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/biosynthesis , Bacillaceae/metabolism , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Bacillaceae/growth & development , Bacillus subtilis/growth & development , Bacillus subtilis/metabolism , Culture Media/metabolism , Mitosporic Fungi/drug effects , Mitosporic Fungi/growth & development , Phytophthora/drug effects , Phytophthora/growth & development , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/drug effects , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
Bacterial nanocells 0.2-0.3 micron in size and hundreds of a cubic micron in volume have been revealed in natural habitats and obtained in pure cultures. The taxonomic analysis of naturally occurring nanobacteria showed that they belong to the known taxa of the kingdom Eubacteria. The results of the cytological investigation of nanocells suggest that they are universally formed in response to stress impacts.
Subject(s)
Eubacterium , Adaptation, Biological , Eubacterium/classification , Eubacterium/physiology , Eubacterium/ultrastructureABSTRACT
The descriptions of strains assigned to the species Halobacterium distributum were supplemented with the results of chemo-and genotaxonomic studies. According to these data, H. distributum VKM B-1733, which was hitherto regarded as the type strain of H. distributum, cannot be assigned to this species. Instead, strain H. distributum VKM B-1739 is proposed as the type strain. It is also suggested that strain VKM B-1954 should be transferred to H. distributum.
