ABSTRACT
Morphological and clinical characteristics of the urinary bladder cancers (UBC) are important diagnostics and prognostic criteria, however the possibilities of biopsy using/for prognosis of recidivation or efficiency of UBC treatment are limited. The most popular diagnostic and prognostic immunohistochemical markers are the regulators of cell cycle (P53, P21, Ki-67) and cytokeratins. In order to revealed immunohistochemical criteria, objectively reflected the malignancy of UBC, we studied the expression level of P53, proliferative index of Ki-67 and the malignant of UBC according to CK20 in the biopsy of 32 patients with superficial UBC. The immunohistochemical reaction with antibody to P53, CK20 and Ki-67 was carried out at paraffin slices. We detected differences of P53 expression levels at carcinomas with high and low malignancy rate. The expression levels of CK20 and the Ki-67 proliferative index were different between Ta and T1-T2 cancers (p = 0.006). Intensity of nuclear staining with P53 antibodies could be use for estimation of the UBC malignancy rate. Pathological type of CD20 expression and high percentage of Ki-67-positive staining nucleus are evidence of the invasive urothelial tumors. The using of P53, Ki-67 and CD20 could be recommended for pathohistological investigation of biopsy and surgical material of UBC to diagnostic objectification and prognosis of its clinical course.
Subject(s)
Keratin-20 , Ki-67 Antigen , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cell Proliferation , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Humans , Immunohistochemistry/methods , Keratin-20/genetics , Keratin-20/metabolism , Ki-67 Antigen/genetics , Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Invasiveness/genetics , Neoplasm Staging , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/metabolism , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
The results of definitive radiation treatment (1988-2000) for 375 patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer were analyzed. Three regimens of fractionation were used: (1) accelerated fractionation (AF)--(133), 2.5 Gy, 3 days a week, to a total of 47.5--55 Gy; (2) accelerated hyperfractionation (AHF)--(93), 1.25 Gy, daily, to a total of 60-72.5 Gy and standard fractionation (SF)--(149), 2 Gy, daily, to a total of 58-68 Gy. The advantages of AHF were established as regards complete regression rate (54.9% vs. 18.6%--SF and 18.1%--AF; p(0.001), median survival (30.5(2.4 months vs. 18.9 (1%--SF (p = 0.004) and 20.4 (2.4--AF (p = 0.004)), and 3-year survival (36.6% vs. 16.7%--SF (p = 0.005) and 15.5%--AF (p = 0.005). 17.9%, 9.0% (p = 0.11) and 8.1% (p = 0.08) have survived, respectively. Overall survival in the AHF group was superior in stages IIB--III; in stage I, the results were identical. Immediate response to radical radiotherapy appeared the only statistically significant factor of survival (p = 0.005-0.008) in all the groups.
