3D simulation as a tool for improving the safety culture during remediation work at Andreeva Bay.

Andreeva Bay in northwest Russia hosts one of the former coastal technical bases of the Northern Fleet. Currently, this base is designated as the Andreeva Bay branch of Northwest Center for Radioactive Waste Management (SevRAO) and is a site of temporary storage (STS) for spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and other radiological waste generated during the operation and decommissioning of nuclear submarines and ships. According to an integrated expert evaluation, this site is the most dangerous nuclear facility in northwest Russia. Environmental rehabilitation of the site is currently in progress and is supported by strong international collaboration. This paper describes how the optimization principle (ALARA) has been adopted during the planning of remediation work at the Andreeva Bay STS and how Russian-Norwegian collaboration greatly contributed to ensuring the development and maintenance of a high level safety culture during this process. More specifically, this paper describes how integration of a system, specifically designed for improving the radiological safety of workers during the remediation work at Andreeva Bay, was developed in Russia. It also outlines the 3D radiological simulation and virtual reality based systems developed in Norway that have greatly facilitated effective implementation of the ALARA principle, through supporting radiological characterisation, work planning and optimization, decision making, communication between teams and with the authorities and training of field operators.

[About the complex system of requirements on the everyday safety of servicemen].

The article is based on studies of medical and technical problems of habitability, livelihoods, military; environment and service troops justified the structure and content of the complex system requirements on the everyday safety of servicemen. It summarizes the scientific and educational methods to the accounting of the human factor in military facilities. Allowable limits and hygienic standards are the foundation of life safety of personnel. Extreme conditions are characterized by emergencies and injury.

[The systems approach in assessing the efficacy of the pharmacological correction of a state of long-term mental fatigue in military operators]. / O sistemnom podkhode pri otsenke éffektivnosti farmakologicheskoi korrektsii sostoianiia dlitel'nogo umstvennogo utomleniia u voennykh operatorov.

An intense five-month radiotelegraph training was chosen as a model of prolonged mental fatigue. The state correction was carried out by a fortnight administration of placebo and nootropic piracetam (daily dosage 1.2 g). The efficiency of pharmacological correction was estimated with the help of experimental psychological and psychophysiological methodics. The data processing was made by means of multivariate correlative analysis with automatic selection of essential signs and factor analysis. The data obtained during this study contributed for a more precise formulation of a notion "health status", which must include sociopsychological, intellectual physiological components, as well as self-consciousness.

[Individual human personality characteristics as a factor in the etiology of postvaccinal reactions]. / Individual'no-lichnostnye osobennosti cheloveka kak faktor étiologii postvaktsinal'nykh reaktsii.

Healthy volunteers with quite opposite emotional properties defined by means of Cattell Personality Questionnaires were shown to have essential differences in their postvaccinal reactions. These differences were seemingly caused by psychoemotional tension developing in unstable persons as a result of their perception of vaccination as a threatening factor. The administration of Phenasepam (3 mg) decreased such emotional tension and thus removed negative reactions at the postvaccinal period. The preparation had no influence on the production of protective antibodies to all types of antigens used for immunization.

[Various indicators of metabolism and energy expenditure in inadequate nutrition]. / Nekotorye pokazateli obmena veshchestv i énergii pri neadekvatnom pitanii.

The authors studied energy, nitrous, lipid, carbohydrate, mineral and vitamin metabolism in subjects aged 18-21 years exposed during 8 days to high physical loads within 4540-8495 kkal/day and given the daily diet consisting of natural food with an energy value of 3220 kkal. During the observation period, the body weight losses amounted to 3.7 kg (5.3%) of the initial weight magnitude on the average, whereas the amount of fatty component dropped by 23.9%. The test subjects manifested a decrease in work fitness, a fall in the main metabolism by 23%, reduction of the respiratory ratio to 0.67, and considerable alterations in the majority of metabolic indices. The recovery of the body status till the attainment of the initial level lasted 3-5 days. The subjects with a good physical stature tolerated the period of inadequate nutrition fairly well.