ABSTRACT
This case report describes ivermectin-induced blindness in a dog and a foal with normal ophthalmic fundic examinations and attenuated electroretinography (ERG). Subsequent recovery in ERG was noted following intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) therapy. A dog and a foal were evaluated for ivermectin-induced blindness. Clinical signs included dull mentation, absent pupillary light reflexes (PLRs), and absent menace on presentation. The animals had normal fundoscopic examinations; however, in both cases ERG was consistent with neurosensory retinal dysfunction. Following ILE therapy for ivermectin toxicosis, return of menace, PLRs, and normal mentation were noted, as was improvement in ERG and serum ivermectin levels. These are the first documented cases of ivermectin-induced blindness in a dog and a foal with normal fundic examinations and attenuated ERG. ERG improved in both animals after ILE therapy. ERG may assist in the diagnosis of ivermectin toxicosis in dogs and horses. ILE therapy may hasten recovery in treatment of ivermectin-induced blindness.
Subject(s)
Antiparasitic Agents/toxicity , Blindness/veterinary , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Horse Diseases/diagnosis , Ivermectin/toxicity , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Blindness/chemically induced , Blindness/diagnosis , Dog Diseases/chemically induced , Dog Diseases/drug therapy , Dogs , Electroretinography/veterinary , Fat Emulsions, Intravenous/administration & dosage , Fat Emulsions, Intravenous/therapeutic use , Female , Horse Diseases/chemically induced , Horse Diseases/drug therapy , HorsesABSTRACT
Five horses were presented with signs of myopathy along with systemic malaise, hyperfibrinogenemia, hyperphosphatemia, and an elevated calcium phosphorus product (Ca*P). Postmortem findings were consistent with systemic calcinosis, a syndrome of calcium deposition in the tissue of organs including lungs, kidneys, muscle, and heart that has not been previously described in horses.
Subject(s)
Calcinosis/veterinary , Horse Diseases/diagnosis , Animals , Calcinosis/blood , Calcinosis/diagnosis , Calciphylaxis/blood , Calciphylaxis/diagnosis , Calciphylaxis/veterinary , Calcium/blood , Fatal Outcome , Horse Diseases/blood , Horses , Male , Phosphorus/bloodABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine how survival rates in geriatric horses (>or= 20 years old) undergoing abdominal exploratory surgery for colic compare with survival rates for younger (nongeriatric) horses. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. ANIMALS: 56 geriatric horses and 487 nongeriatric horses undergoing exploratory celiotomy for colic. PROCEDURES: Medical records of all horses undergoing emergency abdominal exploratory surgery for primary gastrointestinal tract lesions over a 10-year period were reviewed. Data retrieved included signalment, primary gastrointestinal tract lesion, whether the horse was discharged from the hospital alive, and reason (if applicable) for euthanasia or death either during surgery or prior to hospital discharge. Survival rates were calculated and compared between the geriatric and nongeriatric populations for strangulating and nonstrangulating small intestinal, cecal, large colon, and small colon lesions. Information on long-term outcome was obtained via telephone contact with owners or referring veterinarians. RESULTS: Survival rate at the time of hospital discharge was 50% (28/56) for geriatric horses and 72% (352/487) for nongeriatric horses. Of horses that survived surgery and anesthetic recovery, 82% (28/34) of geriatric horses and 89% (352/396) of nongeriatric horses were discharged from the hospital alive. Seventy percent (14/20) of geriatric horses and 84% (108/129) of nongeriatric horses with long-term follow-up information survived > 1 year after surgery. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Survival rate at the time of hospital discharge was significantly lower for geriatric horses, compared with that for nongeriatric horses. The primary reason for this difference in survival rates between the 2 groups appeared to be related to the significantly higher number of geriatric horses euthanized during surgery.
