ABSTRACT
We consider ultracold atoms in 2D disordered optical potentials and calculate microscopic quantities characterizing matter wave quantum transport in the noninteracting regime. We derive the diffusion constant as a function of all relevant microscopic parameters and show that coherent multiple scattering induces significant weak localization effects. In particular, we find that even the strong localization regime is accessible with current experimental techniques and calculate the corresponding localization length.
ABSTRACT
Experiments with a small-scale hollow fiber ultrafiltration system (50,000 MWCO) was used to characterize the filtration process and identify conditions that optimize the recovery of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts from 2 L samples of water. Seeded experiments were conducted using deionized water as well as four environmental water sources (tap, ground, Arkansas river, and Rio Grande river; 0-30.9NTU). Optimal and consistent recovery of spiked oocysts was observed (68-81%), when the membrane was sanitized with a 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution and then blocked with 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS).
Subject(s)
Cryptosporidium parvum/isolation & purification , Fresh Water/parasitology , Ultrafiltration/methods , Water Purification/methods , Animals , Equipment Reuse , Humans , Membranes, Artificial , Nephelometry and Turbidimetry , Ultrafiltration/instrumentation , Water Purification/instrumentationSubject(s)
Caffeine/pharmacokinetics , Milk, Human/metabolism , Adult , Caffeine/blood , Dealkylation , Diffusion , Female , Humans , Lactation/metabolism , Models, Biological , Xanthines/blood , Xanthines/metabolismABSTRACT
The forces influencing the development of outcome standards are gaining momentum. These forces are professional nursing issues, accreditation standards, and reimbursement issues. Traditionally, structure and process measures provided the means for evaluating the quality of nursing care. But nurses also play an important role in achieving positive patient outcomes. Outcome standards provide a mechanism for measuring patient outcomes. In 1990 the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) published Outcome Standards for Nursing Care of the Critically Ill. The book serves as a model for developing and using outcome standards in critical care units. This chapter describes these outcome standards and recommends ways to use them. The Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations' (JCAHO) ten-step model outlines development of unit-specific outcome standards. Methods focus throughout on a quality assurance framework.
Subject(s)
Critical Care/standards , Nursing Care/standards , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/methods , Quality Assurance, Health Care , Humans , Professional Practice/standards , Societies, NursingABSTRACT
AACN exists to promote the health and welfare of mankind by advancing the science and art of critical care nursing. One of AACN's long-range goals is to promote educational standards for critical care nursing. As a prelude to dissemination of AACN's Education Standards for Critical Care Nursing, this article presented the conceptual framework used to develop this set of standards.
