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1.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 121(18): e2322751121, 2024 Apr 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38652750

ABSTRACT

Organ-specific gene expression datasets that include hundreds to thousands of experiments allow the reconstruction of organ-level gene regulatory networks (GRNs). However, creating such datasets is greatly hampered by the requirements of extensive and tedious manual curation. Here, we trained a supervised classification model that can accurately classify the organ-of-origin for a plant transcriptome. This K-Nearest Neighbor-based multiclass classifier was used to create organ-specific gene expression datasets for the leaf, root, shoot, flower, and seed in Arabidopsis thaliana. A GRN inference approach was used to determine the: i. influential transcription factors (TFs) in each organ and, ii. most influential TFs for specific biological processes in that organ. These genome-wide, organ-delimited GRNs (OD-GRNs), recalled many known regulators of organ development and processes operating in those organs. Importantly, many previously unknown TF regulators were uncovered as potential regulators of these processes. As a proof-of-concept, we focused on experimentally validating the predicted TF regulators of lipid biosynthesis in seeds, an important food and biofuel trait. Of the top 20 predicted TFs, eight are known regulators of seed oil content, e.g., WRI1, LEC1, FUS3. Importantly, we validated our prediction of MybS2, TGA4, SPL12, AGL18, and DiV2 as regulators of seed lipid biosynthesis. We elucidated the molecular mechanism of MybS2 and show that it induces purple acid phosphatase family genes and lipid synthesis genes to enhance seed lipid content. This general approach has the potential to be extended to any species with sufficiently large gene expression datasets to find unique regulators of any trait-of-interest.


Subject(s)
Arabidopsis , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Gene Regulatory Networks , Transcription Factors , Arabidopsis/genetics , Arabidopsis/metabolism , Transcription Factors/metabolism , Transcription Factors/genetics , Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics , Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism , Organ Specificity/genetics , Transcriptome/genetics , Seeds/genetics , Seeds/metabolism , Gene Expression Profiling/methods
2.
Zoolog Sci ; 27(10): 826-9, 2010 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20887181

ABSTRACT

The cuticle structure of the wool hairs (secondary hairs) of six otter species was examined by scanning electron microscopy to clarify the specific function of this hair type in the Lutrinae. The species studied were chosen according to the different genera, climatic regions, and degrees of association to water of the Lutrinae. Independent of their preferred habitats, the cuticle of every wool hair examined exhibited in all animals a rather similar shape and arrangement of the scales. This specific adaptive feature allows a flexible interlocking of adjacent wool hairs, which also helps to form thin wool hair bundles that surround small oval shaped spaces. Thus, the trapping of an effective insulating air layer is facilitated and heat loss from the body is reduced.


Subject(s)
Hair/ultrastructure , Otters/anatomy & histology , Animals , Female , Male , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
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