ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The pharmacodynamic properties of ibuprofen are related nearly exclusively to the S(+)enantiomer (dexibuprofen). This study investigated the effect of a 1.5% dexibuprofen mouth rinse in an experimentally induced gingivitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The trial was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, two-period and two-sequence parallel group cross-over study in 24 healthy volunteers aged 21-30 years (16 males, eight females). Customized guards were worn during tooth brushing to prevent any plaque removal from the experimental area (first and second pre-molars and molars in one upper quadrant). After 22 days of plaque accumulation, the mouth rinses (1.5% dexibuprofen and placebo) were administered under supervision three times daily (rinsing for 1 min. with 15 ml) for 8 days. The wash-out time between the two study periods was 14 days. Parameters evaluated at days 0, 7, 14, 22, and 30 were the Löe & Silness gingival index (GI) and the Quigley & Hein plaque index (QHI). Data were tested for treatment, period, and carry-over effects (parametric cross-over analysis). RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference (p=0.240) in GI between placebo and dexibuprofen. However, the decrease in QHI was significantly greater (p=0.019) with dexibuprofen as compared with the placebo. CONCLUSION: In the present study, a 1.5% dexibuprofen mouth rinse had no effect on gingivitis whereas an anti-plaque effect was demonstrated.
Subject(s)
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Dental Plaque/drug therapy , Gingivitis/drug therapy , Indoprofen/therapeutic use , Mouthwashes/therapeutic use , Adult , Epidemiologic Methods , Female , Humans , Male , ToothbrushingABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess periodontal destruction following experimentally induced marginal periodontitis in rats by ligatures over a 60-day observation period. The extent to which the physiological movement of teeth influenced the effect of the ligatures was also examined. In addition, two methods for measuring bone loss in the defleshed jaw were compared. METHODS: Thirty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats (SD) were divided into five groups. Marginal periodontitis was induced by ligatures on the second maxillary molars. Rats were killed after 15, 30, and 60 days. Rats in the control group were killed on day 1 and day 60. Bone loss was determined with two different methods on the buccal and palatinal surfaces of the defleshed jaw. In the first method, the distance of the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) from the alveolar bone crest (ABC) was measured at different sites; in the second method, the area of the exposed root surface of the molars was measured. RESULTS: Comparison of the control groups from day 1 and day 60 using both measuring methods showed significant differences in bone loss. In the area where the ligature was located, test rats exhibited significantly greater bone loss than control rats. Comparison of control rats from day 1 with test rats from day 15 showed that the increase in bone loss between the groups within the area of the ligature was significantly greater than outside it. The age-dependent bone loss increases over the entire observation period of 60 days. The ligature-induced bone loss increased most from day 1 to day 15; on days 30 and 60, slighter increases in bone loss were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The application of this model can only be recommended for short (
Subject(s)
Periodontitis/physiopathology , Periodontium/physiopathology , Age Factors , Alveolar Bone Loss/pathology , Alveolar Process/pathology , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Disease Progression , Ligation/instrumentation , Linear Models , Male , Molar/pathology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Time Factors , Tooth Cervix/pathology , Tooth Root/pathologyABSTRACT
In the sixties and seventies operant technology was used for the development of stammering treatment programs. Initial successes could not be maintained, which led to a marked decline. Some of the reasons for this are: lower effectivity than originally stated; limited clinical relevance; rigid structure which is uninspiring for the therapist; little room for individualizing the programs despite heterogeneity of clients. More recent treatments reduce these shortcomings with higher flexibility and use of cognitive techniques.
Subject(s)
Stuttering/therapy , Humans , Speech Therapy , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Paradoxical approaches to psychotherapy have reemerged with the development of family therapy. But these techniques are also pertinent to Behaviour Therapy. An historical outline is given. Indication and relevant techniques are described and illustrated with case histories. The ethics of Paradoxical Therapy are discussed.
Subject(s)
Behavior Therapy/methods , Neurotic Disorders/therapy , Adult , Depressive Disorder/therapy , Family Therapy/methods , Humans , Male , Neurotic Disorders/psychology , Psychophysiologic Disorders/therapy , Stuttering/therapyABSTRACT
In a controlled trial of treatment for stammering under stress oxprenolol (40 mg) compared with placebo was assessed in a double-blind manner over two days, six weeks apart, in 31 stammerers before and after speech therapy. The trial design also allowed six weeks of intensive speech therapy, using a slowed-speech and relaxation technique, to be compared with not treatment and assessed single-blind. Oxprenolol produced a significant fall in pulse rate and systolic blood pressure but no overall change in performance either before or after speech therapy. Intensive speech therapy produced a highly significant improvement in the global performance of untrained subjects (p less than 0.001) and a significant reduction in the number (p less than 0.001) and duration (p less than 0.001) of blocks. Maintenance speech therapy tended to produce further improvement in trained subjects. Speech therapy is apparently an effective treatment for stammering, whereas oxprenolol appears to be of no value when given routinely; oxprenolol may be of value, however, in very stressful conditions.
