Subject(s)
Biopsy, Needle/methods , Carcinoma, Basal Cell/pathology , Mohs Surgery/methods , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Basal Cell/classification , Carcinoma, Basal Cell/surgery , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology , Neoplasm Staging , Observer Variation , Prospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Skin Neoplasms/classification , Skin Neoplasms/surgeryABSTRACT
A 14-year-old boy developed a chronic painless swelling of the upper lip. Histology of a skin biopsy showed non-necrotizing tuberculoid granulomas. The diagnosis cheilitis granulomatosa was made.
Subject(s)
Lip/pathology , Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome/diagnosis , Adolescent , Biopsy , Diagnosis, Differential , Edema/pathology , Humans , Male , Mouth Mucosa/pathologySubject(s)
Diarrhea/diagnosis , Gastrointestinal Diseases/diagnosis , Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell/diagnosis , Nausea/diagnosis , Weight Loss , Aged , Antigens, CD/analysis , Antigens, CD1/analysis , Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/analysis , CD4 Antigens/analysis , Capsule Endoscopy , Colposcopy , Diarrhea/etiology , Female , Gastrointestinal Diseases/complications , Gastrointestinal Diseases/pathology , Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell/complications , Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell/pathology , Histocytochemistry , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Microscopy , Nausea/etiology , S100 Proteins/analysisABSTRACT
Carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the testis, also referred to as intratubular germ cell neoplasia unclassified (ITGCNU), is currently accepted as the common precursor for all malignant germ cell tumors of adolescents and adults- that is, the seminomatous and nonseminoma cancers. These preinvasive cells have specific cellular characteristics, which can be used for the early diagnosis-routinely done by morphological analysis, sometimes supported by immunohistochemistry-of tissue obtained by an open surgical biopsy. False-negative biopsy results can occur mostly because of the nonrandom distribution of ITGCNU within the testis, misdiagnosis, or suboptimal tissue treatment and analysis. In this article, we demonstrate the potential pitfalls in the diagnosis of ITGCNU. The results support the use of the highly specific and sensitive immunohistochemical marker OCT3/4 for the diagnosis of ITGCNU and provide evidence for the nonrandom distribution of ITGCNU, which is a significant limitation in the diagnosis of this preinvasive lesion.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma in Situ/pathology , Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/pathology , Octamer Transcription Factor-3/biosynthesis , Testicular Neoplasms/pathology , Testis/pathology , Adult , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Biopsy , Carcinoma in Situ/metabolism , False Negative Reactions , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Infertility, Male/etiology , Lithiasis/pathology , Male , Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/metabolism , Testicular Neoplasms/metabolism , Testis/metabolismABSTRACT
The issue as to whether oral lichen planus is a premalignant disorder is still controversial. This study aimed to examine oral malignancies associated with oral lichen planus and to investigate whether oral lichen planus has an intrinsic malignant potential or whether there are also contributing external risk factors. A retrospective cohort study in 200 Caucasian patients with oral lichen planus was conducted between 1991 and 2003. Aspects such as sex, age, clinical variant, affected anatomical sites, duration of the disease, histopathology, prior immunosuppressive treatment, exposure to potential carcinogens and other concomitant diseases were examined. Histopathological examination was repeated during the follow-up if a malignancy was suspected. Three (1.5%) of the 200 patients developed an oral squamous cell carcinoma at the same site following the initial diagnosis of oral lichen planus after a period of 3-6 years (mean 4.3 years). Contributing external risk factors were also noted in two of the three patients (smoking for 20 years and systemic immunosuppressive treatment for 2 years). The exact incidence of malignant transformation is difficult to establish, because of the low number of patients and because of the possible contribution of external risk factors, which may be relevant in oral malignancy.
