ABSTRACT
Synovitis, which is characterized by the infiltration of inflammatory cells, often accompanies progression of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) symptoms. Because IL-1ß is elevated in synovial fluids obtained from TMDs, we hypothesized that IL-1ß-responsive genes in synoviocytes may help identify the putative genes associated with synovitis. Using microarray analysis, we found that monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA levels were elevated in IL-1ß-stimulated synoviocytes. MCP-1 is a member of the chemokine superfamily. The production of MCP-1 was increased in synoviocytes treated with IL-1ß. When IL-1ß was injected into the cavities of rat TMJs, inflammatory cells and MCP-1-positive cells were detected in the synovial tissues. Furthermore, MCP-1 levels were higher in synovial fluids from individuals with pain compared with those without pain. Inhibitors of MAP-kinases and NF-κB reduced IL-1ß-induced MCP-1 production. These results suggest that MCP-1 stimulated by IL-1ß is one of the factors associated with the inflammatory progression of TMDs.
Subject(s)
Chemokine CCL2/analysis , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/immunology , Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Anthracenes/pharmacology , Autoantigens/analysis , Autoantigens/drug effects , Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors , Cell Culture Techniques , Chemokine CCL2/drug effects , Cytokines/analysis , Cytokines/drug effects , Female , Flavonoids/pharmacology , Humans , Interleukin-1beta/antagonists & inhibitors , Interleukin-1beta/pharmacology , JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors , Joint Dislocations/immunology , Male , Microarray Analysis , NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors , Osteoarthritis/immunology , RNA, Messenger/analysis , Rats , Rats, Inbred Lew , Synovial Fluid/chemistry , Synovial Fluid/drug effects , Synovial Fluid/immunology , Synovial Membrane/drug effects , Synovial Membrane/immunology , Synovitis/immunology , Temporomandibular Joint Disc/immunology , Young AdultABSTRACT
To measure the activities of plasminogen activator (PA), plasmin and kallikrein, multiple synovial fluid samples were taken from 32 patients with internal derangement (ID) and osteoarthrosis (OA), and nine asymptomatic volunteers. The enzyme activity in synovial fluid from the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) was quantitated by a fluorogenic substrate assay using an enzyme substrate. In fluid samples from the patient group, PA was detected in 24 (31.5%), plasmin in 20 (26.3%) and kallikrein in 53 (96.4%), while none of these enzymes were found in the synovial fluid samples from the control group. There were positive correlations found among PA, plasmin and kallikrein. These results clearly demonstrated increased levels of PA, plasmin and kallikrein activities in the synovial fluid of patients with ID and OA, and suggest that these enzymes may be involved in the pathogenesis of synovitis, as well as the resorption of cartilage and bone in TMJ.
