Internal snapping hip syndrome in dynamic ultrasonography.

Snapping hip syndrome is an audible or palpable snap in a hip joint during movement which may be accompanied by pain or locking. It is typically seen in young athletes performing activities requiring repeated extreme movements of the hip. It may also follow a physical trauma, intramuscular injections or surgeries. There are two main forms of snapping hip: extra- or intra-articular. Extra-articular snapping hip is elicited by an abnormal movement of specific tendons and is divided into two forms: internal and external. The internal form of snapping hip syndrome is attributed to an abrupt movement of an iliopsoas tendon against an iliopectineal eminence. Radiograph results in patients with this form of snapping tend to be normal. Dynamic ultrasound is the gold standard diagnostic technique in both forms of extra-articular snapping hip syndrome. The objective of the following text is to describe a step-by-step dynamic ultrasonography examination in internal extra-articular snapping hip syndrome in accordance to the proposed checklist protocol. To evaluate abrupt movement of an involved tendon, the patient needs to perform specific provocation tests during the examination. With its real-time imaging capabilities, dynamic ultrasonography detects the exact mechanism of the abnormal tendon friction during hip movement in a noninvasive way. It also allows for a diagnosis of additional hip tissue changes which may be causing the pain.

Right Aortic Arch with Aplasia of the Left Brachiocephalic Trunk Presented as Systolic Blood Pressure Difference Between Upper Extremities.

BACKGROUND: The right aortic arch with mirror-image of branching arteries without coexisting congenital heart disease is a very rare anomaly. CASE REPORT: We report a case of the right-sided aortic arch with aplasia of the left brachiocephalic trunk in a 64-year-old women, presenting difference in systolic blood pressure between upper extremities. The history of the patient and angio-CT findings were described and visualized with images. CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge of vascular variations is important for the clinical and therapeutic aspects.

Uterine artery embolisation and magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound treatment of uterine fibroids.

Uterine fibroids are the most common benign female tumours during reproductive age. The traditional treatment for this condition is typically hysterectomy. However, there are new technologies on the rise, such as Uterine Artery Embolisation and Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound which are directed towards a minimally invasive or even noninvasive treatment of uterine fibroids. These modern procedures allow for a fast recovery and preservation of fertility. In this work, we presented these alternative procedures and highlighted their advantages and limitations.