ABSTRACT
We studied the neutrophils and monocytes obtained from 37 patients with various inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, acute infectious process in the abdominal cavity (acute appendicitis/abscess of the abdominal cavity, and acute cholecystitis), acute pancreatitis, and post-COVID syndrome after mild COVID infection. The number and the morphological structure of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) as well as the effect of IgG on NET were examined. NET were visualized and counted by fluorescence microscopy with fluorescent dye SYBR Green. All the studied types of inflammation were accompanied by spontaneous formation of NET. After application of IgG, the number of NET doubled, their size increased, and transformation of net-like traps into the cloud forms was observed. The clouds form structure of the network is not capable of capturing pathogens with subsequent retraction, the products of its enzymatic degradation can be the factors of secondary alteration. The study results demonstrate a previously unknown mechanism of infection resistance.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Extracellular Traps , Pancreatitis , Humans , Extracellular Traps/metabolism , Acute Disease , Pancreatitis/metabolism , COVID-19/metabolism , Neutrophils/metabolism , Immunoglobulin G/metabolismABSTRACT
Elucidation of the pharmacodynamic mechanisms of drugs capable of potentiating the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is an important task. In this in vitro study, the ability of Traumeel S to influence the innate and acquired immunity was evaluated. Traumeel S was found to reduce activities of NADPH oxidase and neutrophil extracellular traps, as well as to evoke anti-inflammatory activity of lymphocyte subpopulations.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Extracellular Traps/immunology , Minerals/pharmacology , NADPH Oxidases/metabolism , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Adaptive Immunity/drug effects , HLA-DR Antigens/immunology , Humans , Immunity, Innate/drug effects , Inflammation/drug therapy , Inflammation/pathology , Leukocytosis/immunology , Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology , Neutrophils/immunology , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , fas Receptor/analysisABSTRACT
The study included 52 patients at a high risk of thromboembolic complications, with permanent atrial fibrillation. All patients were treated with acenocoumarol for 6 months and the incidence of hemorrhages was evaluated in all of them. All patients were genotyped by CYP2C9 and VKORC1. The presence of CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 alleles of CYP2C9 locus and AA genotype of VCORC1 gene polymorphic G-1639(3673)A marker was not associated with the development of hemorrhages under conditions of acenocoumarol treatment (p=0.144 for CYP2C9, p=0.809 and 0.918 for VCORC1 in the total group and subgroup of patients with CYP2C9*1/*1 genotype, respectively). The search for other genetic markers of acenocoumarol efficiency and safety is needed for predicting the risk of hemorrhages during this treatment.
Subject(s)
Acenocoumarol/adverse effects , Anticoagulants/adverse effects , Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/genetics , Atrial Fibrillation/genetics , Mixed Function Oxygenases/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , Thromboembolism/genetics , Alleles , Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/metabolism , Atrial Fibrillation/complications , Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy , Atrial Fibrillation/enzymology , Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 , Genetic Loci , Genotype , Genotyping Techniques , Hemorrhage/etiology , Hemorrhage/prevention & control , Humans , International Normalized Ratio , Mixed Function Oxygenases/metabolism , Retrospective Studies , Risk , Russia , Thromboembolism/complications , Thromboembolism/drug therapy , Thromboembolism/enzymology , Vitamin K Epoxide ReductasesABSTRACT
Modern methods for the evaluation of drug interaction at the level of biotransformation system are discussed with special reference to the lidocaine test (MEGX) and measurement of cytochrome P-450 activity in patients with drug-induced oxidative processes in the liver. Interaction of atorvastatin with clopidogrel are shown to slightly reduce the desaggregative effect of the latter. It is concluded that MEGX test widens opportunities for personalization and safe pharmacotherapy.
