[The Mortality from External Causes in Individuals of Risk Group].

The article deals with the problem of mortality from external causes among the officers of the penitentiary system of the Russian Federation, who by virtue of their official duties, are in high-risk situations. The purpose of the analysis was to identify specific features and identify the main determinants of suicides and circumstances that led to the death of the officers of the penitentiary system in 2017 with the subsequent development of recommendations for optimizing the prevention of these adverse events. Such a study was conducted for the first time among the staff of the penitentiary system. Analysis of investigation materials on the deaths of officers from external causes shows that the level of suicide of officer was 0.12‰, the death rate of officers from external causes - 0.32‰. A generalized portrait of an officer of the penitentiary system committed suicide in 2017 is a 31-35 year old man who is serving in security or security units with a length of service of 1 to 5 years, with an average professional or a higher education, married, having children, positively characterized in the service, without penalties, non-conflict, organized, disciplined, not registered with a psychologist, not acting on his own initiative for help to a psychologist who has family problems, which he does not report was 0.32‰. A generalized portrait of the officer of the penitentiary system, who perished in 2017, was established. He is a 35-year-old man who is classified as a junior commander, serving as a junior inspector of the department (regime, guard), with service for about 8 years, who perished in August-September. It is concluded that it is possible to reduce the number of officers who died from external causes through measures of prevention proposed by the authors of this article.

[Single-photon emission-computed tomography of the brain in craniopharyngiomas in the late postoperative period]. / Odnofotonnaia émissionnaia komp'iuternaia tomografiia golovnogo mozga pri kraniofaringiomakh v otdalennom posleoperatsionnom periode.

The paper analyzes tomographic scanning images of 32 patients with craniopharyngiomas in the late postoperative period. Computed tomographic data allowed the patients to be divided into 3 groups: 1) 10 patients without signs of tumor recurrence or hydrocephalus; 2) 14 patients with recurrent cystic craniopharyngiomas; 3) 8 patients with severe hydrocephalus. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the brain indicated regional disturbances of brain tissue blood supply in the frontobasal or frontobasotemporal regions of the right hemisphere (the area of an surgical access and of the removed tumor) and revealed them in the distal areas (frontobasotemporal regions of the left hemisphere, parietal and occipital cortices of the cerebral hemisphere or cerebellar tissue). The compensatory reserves of cerebral circulation were assessed by the foci of relative physiological hyperemia of brain tissue (the cerebellum and the medial portions of the occipital regions of the brain). The findings provide evidence for that the vascular factor is involved in the late postoperative pathological picture in patients with craniopharyngiomas.

[The diagnosis of lesions of the venous collectors of the brain]. / Diagnostika porazhenii venoznykh kollektorov golovnogo mozga.

Comparative data of transcranial ultrasonic dopplerography (170 patients) and radionuclide antroscintigraphy (124), received during diagnostics of defeats of venous collectors of brain are analyzed. Five variants of defeats of venous collectors (cross, sigmoid, internal of jugular vein), but also unpaired sine (direct, confluent) are described. Received results permit to reveal interrelation of infringements of venous outflow and increase of intracranial pressure.

[The x-ray radiological semeiotics of the pain syndrome in a traumatic lesion of the brachial plexus]. / Rentgenoradiologicheskaia semiotika bolevogo sindroma pri travmaticheskom porazhenii plechevogo spleteniia.

X-ray radionuclide studies revealed a variety of morphological changes at the cervicothoracic levels of the spinal cord and its meninges. Despite a preganglionary injury to the brachial plexus, there was a clear-cut correlation between the level and nature of an injury on the one hand, and the severity of the pain syndrome, on the other. A more significant progression was observed in abruption of the inferior roots than in that of superior ones. The X-ray radionuclide correlations allow one to assess the nature of abnormal changes not only at the preganglionary, but postganglionary levels.

[A trial of the clinical use of the Testascan computerized gamma tomograph in neurosurgical pathology]. / Opyt klinicheskogo ispol'zovaniia komp'iuternogo gamma-tomografa "Testaskan" pri neirokhirurgicheskoi patologii.

The paper outlines the diagnostic potentialities of the first Russian multidetector Testascan gamma-tomograph. With this, three different radio pharmaceuticals (RP) were used; 99mTC-GM PAO for examining cerebral circulatory disorders, 99mTC pertechnetate for visualizing tumor foci, and 99mTC-DTPK for studying impaired cerebral liquor pathway. Regional cerebral blood supply was studied in 78 patients with arterial aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations, with stenoses and thromboses of the great arterial trunks, as well in patients with brain injury sequelae and hypophyseal, craniofascial, and cavernous sinus tumors, VIII-neurinomas, meningiomas of the pyramid of the temporal bone. Some 103 patients with various intra- and extracerebral volumetric formations are examined. The impaired cerebral liquor pathways were explored in 27 patients with pathological processes of various genesis. Experience in clinically using the Russian Testascan computer gamma-tomograph in neurosurgical care has shown its high validity in diagnosing various focal processes of tumor and nontumor genesis. Single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) may reveal foci of abnormal elevation or reduction of RP accumulation by showing different anatomically topographic characteristics. SPECT is the most promising in the study of cerebrovascular diseases of various genesis and in the presence of tumors at basal sites.

[Pathology of the cerebrospinal fluid tract after subarachnoid hemorrhages (the x-ray and radiological aspect)]. / Patologiia likvornykh putei posle subarakhnoidal'nykh krovoizliianii (rentgenoradiologicheskii aspekt).

The authors examined the semiotics of hydrocephalus occurring after subarachnoidal hemorrhages (SAH) from arterial aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations to provide pathogenetic evidence for surgical or conservative hydrocephalus. The spinal fluid tract was examined in 44 patients after SAH by computed tomography and radionuclide cysternomyelography using 99mTc. Variability was found in the radiological semiotics of open internal hydrocephalus. Radiological studies revealed frequently open internal hydrocephalus in patients with arterial aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations without subarachnoidal hemorrhages. The radiological semiotics of open hydrocephalus after SAH determines both morphological changes of the spinal fluid tract and liquorodynamic disturbances.