ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Rabies is prevalent in 150 countries and is definitely found in Russian Federation. The average registered incidence of rabies infection among animals in Russia is 3000 cases per year. At least 500,000 cases of animal bites and scratches are registered in the Russia every year, but only 2-4 cases of rabies infection in humans are reported per year. This relatively low incidence of rabies infection among humans is the result of a well-organized program of rabies surveillance and control as well as the readily available vaccination and immunoglobulin therapies. However, physician awareness of rabies infection in patients with acute encephalopathy is low, and some cases of rabies remain undiagnosed. OBJECTIVES: A retrospective study of autopsy materials from patients who died of encephalitis of unknown etiology in the Astrakhan region of Russia in 2003. STUDY DESIGN: A broad-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis followed by high throughput sequencing were used for the diagnosis. RESULTS: Two cases of rabies were detected and subsequently confirmed using a fluorescent antibody test, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a mouse inoculation test. Two strains of rabies virus were isolated and characterized using virological methods. The entire genome of each strain was sequenced.
Subject(s)
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , Rabies virus/genetics , Rabies/diagnosis , Animals , Autopsy , Child, Preschool , Disease Models, Animal , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Humans , Male , Mice , Middle Aged , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Rabies/virology , Rabies virus/isolation & purification , Retrospective Studies , RussiaABSTRACT
The data of seasonal monitoring are presented concerning antigen types of rotaviruses group A circulating on the territory of the Russian Federation in the periods of seasonal uprising of morbidity in 2011-2015. Annually, the study included from 10 to 12 subjects of the Russian Federation with annual testing from 444 to 728 samples from children aged younger than 5 years with acute infection diarrhea. In the seasons of 2011-2012, 2012-2013, 2013-2014, 2014-2015 the most prevalent [P] G types of rotaviruses correspondingly made up to: G4[P]8 -50.2%-36.5%-43.8%-1.6%; G1[P]8 - 26.6%-14.3%-27.3%-22.5%; G3[P]8 - 4.4%-23.7%-4.2%-2.0%; G9[P]8 - 4.3%-5.3%-10.1%-7.1%; G2[P]4 - 7.7%-7.9%-9.0%-3.1%. The expressed territorial irregularity of prevalence of antigen types of retroviruses was observed.
ABSTRACT
AIM: Determination of origin of 2 Vibrio cholerae strains isolated on the territory of Rostov region by using full genome sequencing data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Toxigenic strain 2011 EL- 301 V. cholerae 01 El Tor Inaba No. 301 (ctxAB+, tcpA+) and nontoxigenic strain V. cholerae O1 Ogawa P- 18785 (ctxAB-, tcpA+) were studied. Sequencing was carried out on the MiSeq platform. Phylogenetic analysis of the genomes obtained was carried out based on comparison of conservative part of the studied and 54 previously sequenced genomes. RESULTS: 2011EL-301 strain genome was presented by 164 contigs with an average coverage of 100, N50 parameter was 132 kb, for strain P- 18785 - 159 contigs with a coverage of69, N50 - 83 kb. The contigs obtained for strain 2011 EL-301 were deposited in DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases with access code AJFN02000000, for strain P-18785 - ANHS00000000. 716 protein-coding orthologous genes were detected. Based on phylogenetic analysis strain P- 18785 belongs to PG-1 subgroup (a group of predecessor strains of the 7th pandemic). Strain 2011EL-301 belongs to groups of strains of the 7th pandemic and is included into the cluster with later isolates that are associated with cases of cholera in South Africa and cases of import of cholera to the USA from Pakistan. CONCLUSION: The data obtained allows to establish phylogenetic connections with V cholerae strains isolated earlier.
Subject(s)
Genome, Bacterial , Phylogeny , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Vibrio cholerae/genetics , Base Sequence , Molecular Sequence Data , Russia , Vibrio cholerae/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
The regularities of mass spectrometric fragmentation under electron impact of new 9-(o-chlorobenzyl)-8-azahypoxantines with (N-aryl)amidocarbonylmethylthiomethyl substituents in position 2 were studied. The main fragmentation pathways are the elimination of Ar-NH+ and o-chlorobenzyl ions and cleavage of C-S bonds, characteristic of organic sulfides. During the fragmentations, some rearrangements occur, consisting in the transfer of labile hydrogen atoms from the alpha-positions to ions being eliminated. Fragmentation of 8-azapurine parts of the molecules does not prevail. Peaks of molecular ions are clearly visible in the mass spectra of all the substances studied. The English version of the paper: Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 2004, vol. 30, no. 1; see also http://www.maik.ru.
Subject(s)
Hypoxanthine/chemistry , Mass Spectrometry/methods , Molecular StructureABSTRACT
New derivatives of proto- and deuterohemin IX containing tri- and tetrazole rings were synthesized and characterized. A pronounced antioxidant activity was found for these compounds in the Fe(II)/ascorbate-dependent system of lipid peroxidation in murine liver homogenates.
