Metacognitive beliefs of Polish adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychometric properties of the MCQ-A. / Przekonania metapoznawcze polskiej mlodziezy w trakcie pandemii COVID ­ 19. Wlasciwosci psychometryczne narzedzia MCQ-A.

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to provide information on the psychometric properties of the MCQ-A for Polish adolescents; confirm the factor structure of the instrument relative to the original scale; and present the intensity of dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs of adolescents during the pandemic. METHODS: A total of 375 adolescents aged 1218 (M = 15.38; SD = 1.63) completed a questionnaire on their well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic, the CDI-2 questionnaire for the diagnosis of depression in children and adolescents; the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Polish version of the MCQ-A. RESULTS: Structural validity was tested using confirmatory factor analyzes. The best results were obtained using a model that had a five-factor scale structure without a higher-order factor. The obtained psychometric properties are comparable to the results presented by the authors of the English version of MCQ-A30. CONCLUSIONS: This research has shown that the Polish adaptation of MCQ-A is a reliable tool for studying metacognitive beliefs in adolescents.

Stuck in a Rut of Thought-That Is Just a Barrier: Dysfunctional Metacognitive Beliefs, Limitation on Individual Freedom and Well-Being of Adolescents during COVID-19 Lockdown.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the cross-sectional study was to conduct an exploratory analysis of identifying factors related to mood, metacognitive beliefs, and limitation on individual freedom associated with lockdown restrictions during COVID-19, and to determine whether they may be relevant to the deteriorating well-being of adolescents. METHODS: A total of 387 adolescents (M = 15.37; SD = 1.62): 85 with depression (DG) and 302 without any psychiatric diagnosis group (WPDG) were examined using the health survey and the CDI-2 questionnaire to assess the symptoms and severity of depression and MCQ-A to measure the intensity of dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs. RESULTS: The feeling of restriction of freedom had an influence on worsened well-being in the whole group of responders OR = 4.15; p < 0.001 but was more in the DG than the WPDG (OR = 20.00; p < 0.001 vs. OR = 4.77; p < 0.001). Positive metacognitive beliefs were related to well-being (DG), but no effect was observed in the WPDG (OR = 0.88; p < 0.05 vs. OR = 1.05; p = 0.136). The lower age of the WPDG negatively impacted well-being (OR = 1.20; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs and the feeling of restriction of freedom are important in the deterioration of adolescents' well-being, but these factors have a stronger impact on well-being in the DG.

The Assessment of the Impact of Training With Various Metacognitive Interventions on the Enhancement of Verbal Fluency in School-Age Children With ADHD.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine whether a 3-month training with the use of the metacognitive strategies would strengthen the executive function related to verbal fluency in children with ADHD. METHOD: A total of 45 children with ADHD (M = 10.41; SD = 1.42) participated in a randomized experimental study. They completed the Verbal Fluency Test before and after training. RESULT: The results of the Wilcoxon test show that the mean number of words spoken by the child increased significantly in the second measurement compared to the first in the Mind Map group (M = 11.40; SD = 4.03; M = 14.46; SD = 3.99; p = .001). Unfortunately, this data did not apply to the Sketchnoting Group. Verbal regression was noted in the Control Group. CONCLUSION: The results provide an interesting premise for further research. Perhaps Mind Mapping training can be an effective form of complementary therapy.

Randomized clinical trial evaluating the effect of metacognitive interventions on planning skills in children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with mixed symptom presentation. Pilot trial design. / Randomizowane badanie kliniczne oceniajace wplyw interwencji metapoznawczych na umiejetnosci planowania u dzieci z zespolem nadpobudliwosci psychoruchowej i zaburzeniami uwagi (ADHD) o prezentacji objawów mieszanych. Pilotaz.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this experimental pilot study is to evaluate the effects of 25 metacognitive interventions on planning skills in children with ADHD. METHODS: Forty-five children with ADHD aged 7-12 years (M = 10.41; SD = 1.42) participated in the experiment along with a parent. The children were randomly assigned to one of three groups, determining the type of metacognitive technique used in the training: (1) Mind Maps, (2) Sketching, or (3) Control. They participated in 25 thematic meetings. They were measured at the beginning and at the end of the trainings using the Conners Questionnaire 3 and the Park Map Test tools. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in the intensity of the mean scores for the "Planning" variable between the first and second measurements (M1 = 6.13; SD1 = 0.35; M2 = 5.67; SD2 = 0.82) in the control group, and non-significant differences in the intensity of the mean scores for the groups with Mind Maps and Sketching. The effect size for the significant outcome is high (rc = 0.53). CONCLUSIONS: In the children who did not participate in the training, the score worsened, while the score of children in the experimental groups was unchanged.

Processes of a Transformation of Young Drivers' Responsibility for Health-Carpe Diem.

Research most often deals with the relationship between risky behaviour on the road and other aspects of young adults' lifestyle. It is rare that the sense of responsibility for one's own life and health and for that of other people on the road is understood, due to the limitation of perceptual data. In this study, we researched 198 young adults (M = 19.75; SD = 1.11) using the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control, the Inventory of Health Behaviours, the Criteria of Health List and a student health survey. The chance of risky driving will increase by 50.7% among young adults as their understanding of health as a state increases. On the other hand, when young people feel that others are responsible for their lives, the likelihood of risky driving will drop by 6.4%. The hedonistic life orientation of a young adult had a significant impact on the results obtained which was connected with their understanding of health.

The Influence of Metacognitive Strategies on the Improvement of Reaction Inhibition Processes in Children with ADHD.

BACKGROUND: Low response inhibition underlies attention disorders and hyperactivity. The aim of this study is to check whether these processes will be strengthened by three months of training with metacognitive strategies. METHODOLOGY: Forty-five schoolchildren took part in an experimental study (M = 10.41; SD = 1.42). Each child had been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The participants were randomly assigned into three groups: the first group was tested for the effect of Mind Maps; the second group, for the effect of Sketchnoting, while the third group was assigned the role of a Control group. All of the groups were examined with the Loud Subtraction 7 test (LS7T) with a distractor before and after the training. RESULTS: Analysis with the Wilcoxon test showed that children with ADHD made significantly fewer errors in the LS7 Test in the second measurement in the Mind Maps group (M1 = 7.45; SD1 = 4.07; M2 = 5.76; SD2 = 4.68; p = 0.02). In the remaining groups, there were no statistically significant differences in the average number of errors made. CONCLUSIONS: Mind Maps are an effective metacognitive strategy. Regular use of this method strengthens the inhibition of children with ADHD in this study. It can complement the existing forms of support for the child.

Usefulness of New Indicators of Obesity (BAI and VAI) in Estimation of Weight Reduction.

Objective: Obesity is responsible for a large proportion of the total burden of diseases in Europe. The aim of this study was to compare classic anthropometric parameters with new obesity-related indices (the visceral adiposity index [VAI] and the body adiposity index [BAI]) and to examine their usefulness in the assessment of weight reduction and its effect on the leptin concentration.Methods: We tested 50 patients with obesity, undergoing the implementation of the BioEnterics® Intragastric Balloon (BIB-system) for 6 months. The leptin concentrations and the calculated subcutaneous fat thickness as well as the anthropometric indices were determined prior to the implementation and after the balloon removal.Results: The therapy resulted in a drop in the BAI value without a significant effect on the VAI in subgroups of patients with class I, II, and III obesity. The therapy-induced changes in BAI both in the entire tested group and in patients with class I and II obesity correlated well with the percentage of drop in body weight, body mass index (BMI), subcutaneous fat thickness, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and leptin concentration. Changes in the VAI value correlated with changes in the body weight, BMI, WHtR values, subcutaneous fat thickness, and leptin concentration decrease only in patients with class III obesity.Conclusions: BAI seems to be a better indicator than VAI for reflecting the reduction in body weight in people with class I and II obesity treated with the BIB-System. VAI appears to be a better obesity indicator than BAI only in people with class III obesity.

The Effect of Noninvasive Bariatric Surgery on the Levels of Certain Adipokines and Atherosclerosis Risk Factors in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome.

Objective: Besides glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, visceral obesity is one of the most important atherogenic pathological factors in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study is to examine whether weight loss following BioEnterics Intragastric Balloon (BIB-system) therapy affects adipokine concentration and atherosclerosis risk factor profile in patients with MetS.Methods: The study group comprised 30 patients (17 female, BMI = 38.5 ± 8.6 kg/m2; 13 male, BMI = 43.3 ± 7 kg/m2) with MetS qualified to BIB-system therapy. The control group included 18 age matched healthy volunteers (10 female, BMI = 23.3 ± 2.8 kg/m2 and eight male, BMI = 27.3 ± 0.9 kg/m2). Biochemical analyses of blood samples and anthropometric measurements were conducted, before and after six-month BIB system therapy.Results: BIB therapy resulted in a significant drop in body weight, and body fat percentage, and in BMI, VAI, WHtR, BAI, TG, glucose, hsCRP, and leptin levels. In addition Tc/HDL, LDL/HDL, TG/HDL, and leptin/adiponectin ratios fell significantly, and adiponectin concentration increased. All anthropometric parameters apart from Tc and hsCRP, were significantly different post-therapy compared to healthy controls. The therapy induced downregulation of hsCRP which was positively correlated with the reduction in body weight, BMI and BAI. The decrease in leptin concentration correlated positively with the fall in total cholesterol and body weight. The fall in leptin/adiponectin ratio positively correlated with the downregulation of BAI and body fat.Conclusion: BIB therapy appears to have beneficial effects on MetS. This is indicated by amelioration of the pro-inflammatory status related to obesity, demonstrated by an improved lipid profile significant downregulation of hsCRP concentration following therapy.

[Chosen anthropometric parameters and concentrations of leptin and adiponectin in extreme obese patients treated with implantation of a gastric balloon]. / Wybrane parametry antropometryczne oraz stezenie leptyny i adiponektyny u pacjentów ze skrajna otyloscia leczonych implantacja balonem zoladkowym.

UNLABELLED: Fatty tissue derived adipocytokines regulate appetite, but in abnormal concentration impair systemic metabolic homeostasis and make the patients prone to inflammatory related disorders. The aim of study was to examine whether weight loss in patients after implementation of a gastric balloon is reflected in changes in chosen anthropometrical parameters and in the concentration of leptin and adiponectin in serum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 18 extreme obese patients (BMI>39.9, mean age 39.5±12.1 years, 12 men, 6 women), undergoing implementation of a gastric balloon for 6 months. The control group consisted of 18 healthy volunteers. The adiponectin and leptin concentrations in the sera and the calculated % body fat and indicators: BMI, WHR, VAI, BAI, WHtR were determined prior to implementation and after the balloon removal and then further parameters were calculated: % excessive weight loss, % weight loss. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: All the parameters and leptin concentration in the tested group were markedly upregulated and adiponectin concentration was significantly lower compared to controls. Reduction in the body mass in patients subjected to BIB, reflected in leptin and anthropometrical parameters down-regulation, (except WHR and VAI), was accompanied with normalization of adiponectin concentration that affect metabolism and is important regulator of hunger and satiety.

[Kidney graft loss as a result of coagulation disorders]. / Zaburzenia w ukladzie krzepniecia jako przyczyna utraty przeszczepu nerkowego.

Renal transplantation is a method of choice in the treatment of endstage kidney insufficiency resulting in improved survival and better quality of life. Advances in immunosuppresive therapy, diagnosis and treatment of infective complications, studies on ischemic injury of transplanted organ and preservation show constant improvement in terms of short and long-term results. Early kidney graft loss resulting from thrombotic complications is rare and still challenging for transplantologists. Renal vein thrombosis is responsible for 2-7% cases of early graft loss. Selecting a subset of patients threatened with thromboembolic complications will allow for starting adequate prophylaxis, or early treatment preventing from complications including graft loss. In this paper we tried to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding venous and arterial thrombosis after renal transplantation.