[Experimental comparative evaluation of the functional capacities of ectopically grown fetal organs].

The interest for fetal organ, tissue, and cell implantation as therapeutic means in the treatment of some diseases is presently increasing. Hence, the aim of the present investigation was the comparative evaluation of the functional potential of ectopically grown fetal organs of different (ecto-, meso- and endodermic) origins. Unified operative model was the fetal organ fragment implantation into an ear subcutaneous pouch (without restoration of vascular and nervous links of the implant with the recipient organism). The implant isolation in vitro varied from 15 to 50 min. As control, intact animals and animals with streptozotocin diabetes and hepatic lesions due to the main bile duct ligature, were used. The implanted and ectopically grown fetal organs, though of different origins, developed functional activity. The best adult-like function was obtained in intestinal, gastric and cardiac implants, i.e. in organs with a cavity and a well developed self-regulation system. Poorer results were obtained in great digestive glandular implants--pancreas and liver. In the best cases when the implant function was very closed to the adult organ, a difference nevertheless was observed. The model of ectopic implantation of fetal organs may be useful for study of the organ and tissue function ontogenesis (up to the moment of natural ageing involution), for the evaluation of different isolated factor influence on organ and tissue physiology and pathology. Although being optimistic in respect to clinical application of fetal organ and cell implantation, this study does not prevent us from being cautions.

The promoter of the salmon insulin-like growth factor I gene is activated by hepatocyte nuclear factor 1.

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (HNF-1) was found to have a potent stimulatory action on the activity of the promoter of the salmon insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) gene in transient transfection experiments. This liver-enriched transcription factor was shown to bind to an element in the proximal region of the promoter with distinct nucleotide sequence homology to the HNF-1 consensus binding sequence. Mutating this sequence to a variant no longer capable of HNF-1 binding resulted in the loss of the stimulatory effect. Since the sequence of the HNF-1 binding site is conserved in all mammalian, avian, and amphibian species from which the IGF-I promoter sequences have been derived to date, we propose that HNF-1 may be an important regulator of IGF-I gene expression in all of these species.

[The transplantation to adult animals of the pancreas from fetuses]. / Peresadka vzroslym zhivotnym podzheludochnoi zhelezy plodov.

The possibility of using the syngeneic and allogeneic foetal pancreas implantation was shown for therapy of diabetes mellitus. Cases of the implantation with no immunosuppression were studied in 57 patients.

[The transplantation to adult animals of fetal small intestine]. / Peresadka vzroslym zhivotnym tonkoi kishki plodov.

Use of the ectopic growth (culture) of foetal small intestine in vivo as a model for study of normal and pathological development of an organ or its different structures was shown to be possible. Complete structural and functional development of foetal small intestine was reached under certain conditions of its implantation.

[Use of 2,4-dinitrophenol for immunosuppressive action on the recipient in implantation of fetal organs in mice]. / Primenenie 2,4-dinitrofenola dlia immunodepressivnogo vozdeistviia na retsipienta pri implantatsii fetal'nykh organov u myshei.

In experiments performed on 118 white mice and 10 laboratory rats, it was shown that cutaneous application of 2,4-dinitrophenol microdoses once a week around the sites of fetal organ implantation leads to a significant prolongation of the implant life with minimal trouble for the recipient's health. The maximal effect was reached with 10(-3) M concentration of DNP, the applications beginning 2-3 weeks before fetal pancreas implantations.

[Experimental protein deficient diabetes and methods of correcting it]. / Eksperimental'nyi protindefitsitnyi diabet i metod ego korrektsii.

In experiments on 79 white rats, it was shown that in rats deprived of animal proteins during a long time (2 months and more) in a significant percentage of cases depending on the animal initial age and the protein deprivation duration, diabetes mellitus develops. This diabetes may develop not only during the protein deprivation but also after its cessation. Implantation of fetal pancreas can prevent the diabetes development or, if practiced after its beginning, correct its effects.

[Effects of streptozotocin on the significance of body temperature variations in rats]. / Vliianie streptozototsina na znacheniia temperaturnykh otklonenii organizma krys.

Experiments on rats have shown that the difference between depth and surface temperatures delta t of the normal organism in usual and variable external temperature conditions varies with in determined limits. The determination of delta t is proposed as a non-invasive test for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.

[Ultrastructural and ultracytochemical changes in the lungs of rats with diabetes mellitus]. / Ul'trastrukturnye i ul'tratsitokhimicheskie izmeneniia legkikh u krys pri sakharnom diabete.

Diabetes mellitus was produced in Rats by means of a single streptozotocin injection. The evolution of the lung ultrastructure and of the state of the alveolar epithelium glycocalix was followed during two months. Among the different cellular types of the lung parenchyma, the main alterations were revealed in the pneumocytes of type II. They consisted in severe enlargement of the endoplasmatic rough net channels, diminution of the quantity of the lamellated corpuscles and delay of their output out of the cytoplasm, the reduction of microvilli and thinning of the glycocalix. As an answer to the epithelium alteration, a regeneration of the type II pneumocytes was discovered. A structural insufficiency of the phagocyte system--polymorph nuclear leucocytes and alveolar macrophages was noted.

[Morphological changes in fetal small intestine and pancreas implanted in Fisher and August rats]. / Morfologicheskie izmeneniia tonkoi kishki i podzheludochnoi zhelezy ploda, implantiruemykh krysam Fischer i August.

Fragments of fetal small intestine of Fischer rats aged 16-20 days were implanted to rats aged 3 months of the same Fischer strain (syngeneic implantation). The morphological changes in the implants were investigated. It has been shown that serious modifications of the implant including the neoplasm formation are possible during the evolution process. After syngeneic implantation of fetal pancreas to Fischer and August rats under identical conditions no malignization of the implants was observed.

[Relation between the suitability of the pancreas for transplantation and the structure of its blood vessels]. / Opredelenieprigodnosti podzheludochnoi zhelezy dlia transplantatsii v zavisimosti ot stroeniia ee krovenosnykh sosudov.

The pancreas from 111 corpses of persons, male and female, at the age of 16-92 years with various pathology has been investigated. The pancreatic blood vessels are injected with protacryl and undergone subsequent corrosion. The correlative and regressive analyses of the measurements reveal that age, height, character of pathology influence the state of the pancreatic blood vessels. It is recommended to observe the following conditions for choosing the donor of the pancreas graft: age under 35, middle height (especially for women), absence of corporal comotion and vast trauma, that essentially influence the vessels (causing spasm, disturbed integrity of the vascular wall), angiographic control conducted during washing or perfusion of the graft vascular bed.

[Microcirculatory bed of the rat small intestine after nerve reflex isolation]. / Mikrotsirkuliatornoe ruslo stenki tonkoi kishki krys posle neiroreflektornoi izoliatsii.

Intravital biomicroscopy of small intestinal wall vessels was used in experiments on rats undergoing total neuroreflex isolation of the small intestine to study the time course of changes in the diameter of intramural arterioles and venules of the first, second, third and fourth grades. It was demonstrated that neuroreflex isolation of the small intestine is accompanied by long-term deranged coordination of the vascular bed. These shifts appeared to be the earliest and the most significant in the major part of resistive vessels, determining the hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries and shifts in histohematic barriers, as well as in specific functions of the small intestine.

[Effect of peptide hormones of the gastrointestinal tract on leukocytes]. / Vliianie peptidnykh gormonov zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta na kletochnye élementy beloi krovi.

A single i. m. administration of pentagastrin or secretin changed the amount of lymphoid and myeloid cells in rats and mice. A total decrease of leucocytes is due to decrease of amount of lymphocytes, eosinophiles, and monocytes. Simultaneously the amount of segment-nuclear and relating to stab neutrophiles increased. After pentagastrin administration the amount of rosette-forming T-lymphocytes decreases. The data obtained suggest the effect of gastrin and secretin on the blood-forming and blood-destroying systems of the organism.

[Participation of splenic vessels in blood supply to the pancreas (experimental-mathematical study)]. / Uchastie selezenochnykh sosudov v krovosnabzhenii podzheludochnoi zhelezy (éksperimental'no-matematicheskoe issledovanie).

In 60 objects the participation of splenic vessels in human pancreas blood supply was studied roentgeno-angiographically and by means of anatomical preparation. Morphometrical data obtained were treated by computers "Minsk-22" and "M-220-M" to calculate main statistic values and their correlations. Some recommendations of applied importance for pancreas surgery were suggested. Maximal and minimal dimensions of the pancreas segments, which can be used for grafting with the following blood supply restoration in the transplant at the expense of the splenic vessels only, were represented.

[Microcirculatory bed of the small intestine in different phases of its motor activity]. / Mikrotsirkuliatornoe ruslo tonkoi kishki v razlichnye fazy ee motornoi aktivnosti

Experiments were conducted on guinea pigs, rabbits and rats with a simultaneous recording of the motor activity of the small intestine and the state on its microcirculatory bed, it was shown that the diameter of parietal vessels of the small intestine depended on the contractile activity of the muscles of this intestine. Proceeding from these data the authors explained the mechanism of derangement of the secretory and absorptive function of the small intestine after its neuro-reflex isolation and transplantation.