[Hygienic and medicosocial problems in the training of pupils at vocational colleges].

The authors studied the specific features of adaptation in a heterogeneous cohort of pupils (final-year pupils of common, compensating education classes and those of auxiliary schools) to the conditions of varying-level vocational training in building professions. The physiological cost of a learning process, which was associated with the volume and nature of a training load, was shown to be high. The functional capacities of different cohorts of pupils were comparatively assessed on the basis of the common integral index of mental performance, which offered more objective possibilities of hygienically substantiating the volume of an educational load. There was evidence that it was necessary to correct the total educational load in all forms of training, by taking into account a 5-day schooling week, the age of pupils and their capabilities. It was established that there was a need for improving work on pupils' health care, having regard to great differences available in the health status of final-year pupils from different types of educational establishments, contraindications to profession familiarization, the high spread of social and behavioral risk factors, and the influence of schooling and training factors.

[Quality of life and health promotion in students of professional education institutions].

Evaluation of quality of life in adolescents attending professional education institutions revealed significant difference between their socio-medical characteristics and those of pupils in schools providing general education. The main risk factors in the two groups are identified. It is shown that social conditions, mode of teaching, and life style may contribute to the deterioration of health status and functional abilities of adolescents. The data obtained can be used in the elaboration of health protection programs for students of professional education institutions.

[Polymorphism of dental formula and segregation of its variants in a pedigree of kerry blue terrier dogs].

Polymorphism of the dental formula was analyzed in a sophisticated pedigree of Kerry Blue Terrier. A lack of one or more lower premolars was observed in some dogs. Two different patterns of missing teeth were identified. One pattern consisted in agenesis of a second premolar, often in combination with agenesis of neighbor teeth, including the fourth premolar. In the second pattern, agenesis of a fourth premolar was expressed as an isolated abnormality. It was shown previously that the first pattern is inherited as a recessive trait with near complete penetrance. In this work, the control of a major-gene was demonstrated for the second pattern. This abnormality develops in 70-80% of mutant homozygotes and in no more than 20% of heterozygotes and wild-type homozygotes. It was shown that the two dentition abnormalities are controlled by different genes, which were designated LPA2 and LPA4 (Lower Premolar Agenesis).

[Changes in litter size in Kerry blue terrier dogs with abnormal dentition].

The pleiotropic effects of mutations resulting in abnormal dentition were analyzed in Kerry Blue Terrier. A decrease in litter size was demonstrated for dogs with dentition anomalies. The mean litter size was 5.72 puppies when both parents had normal dentition and 3.64 puppies when the parents had hypodontia. Analysis showed that the decrease in litter size cannot be fully explained by the effect of inbreeding and is most probably associated with the pleiotropic effect of the genes controlling teeth development on the embryonic viability.

[Selection for the predisposition to catalepsy enhances depressive-like traits in mice].

Immobility reaction or catalepsy is a natural passive defensive (lurking) behavioral response to the appearance of a predator. Selection for high predisposition to catalepsy has been performed in a population of (CBA x (CBA x AKR)) backcrosses of the crossing between mouse lines sensitive and resistant to catalepsy (VBA and AKR, respectively). A rapid increase in the number of animals with catalepsy has been observed: from 23% in backcrosses to 71% in the S3 generation. Selection for catalepsy does not affect mouse anxiety in the open field and plus-maze tests. However, S8 and S9 mice are characterized by a decreased motor activity in the open-field test and an increased immobility in the forced swim and tail suspension tests, which is interpreted as an increase in "depressiveness." The results indicate that genetically determined catalepsy is related to depressive-like characteristics of defensive behavior.

[Inheritance of hypodontia in Kerry Blue Terrier dogs]. / Analiz nasledovaniia gipodontii u kerri-bliu-ter'erov.

Integral segregation analysis, which earlier proved efficient in studying complex hereditary diseases in humans and have been introduced in animal genetics for several years, was used to analyze the inheritance of hypodontia by premolars in Kerry Blue Terrier dogs. Dental formulas have been determined in 598 out of 911 animals united into a single large, complex pedigree. The results of integrated segregation analysis indicated heterogeneous genetic control of different forms of hypodontia. The geneses of different premolars in dogs have been demonstrated to be described by different models of inheritance: the absence of the second premolars can be described by the recessive major-gene model, whereas the agenesis of the fourth premolars have a more complex genetic mechanism and cannot be described by the model of a simple major-gene control.

[Hygiene of shaping up a healthy working generation under the conditions of today]. / Gigienicheskie problemy formirovaniia zdorovogo trudovogo potentsiala v sovremennykh usloviiakh.

Prerequisites of shaping up the health condition, including health status, life mode and conditions of occupational training, in teenagers receiving workers' skills at basic-stage professional training facilities are under consideration. The specificity of adaptive responses and of health status is described in young females, mastering the jobs within the confectionary and public catering industry, during the professional training period, which is indicative of a higher sensitivity of teenagers' organisms towards the production factors' effects. Reliable trends towards aggravated indices of the health status in pupils of professional training facilities were registered during a 10-year observation period. A continued worsening of the life mode is noted in teenagers, which manifests itself mainly through a higher prevalence of smoking and frequent abuse of alcohol with the bad habits setting on at an earlier age. Labor occupation of pupils, when combined with professional training, is an extra risk factor in the building-up of health. Thus the obtained data witness to a worsening life mode of teenagers, who earn on the side, and to their worsening health status. Conclusions are made on a need to overcome the negative prerequisites related with shaping up the health condition of teenagers in the discussed social category.

[Oligodontia and its inheritance in Kerry blue terrier]. / Oligodontiia i ee nasledstvennaia obuslovlennost' u sobak porody kerri-bliu-ter'er.

Defects of the premolar tooth formula (oligodontia, tooth number reduction) were studied in dogs of the Kerry blue terrier breed. For this purpose, a database including 480 individuals of 96 litters was constructed. The occurrence of oligodontia was investigated in pedigree groups with inbred and outbred crosses. No selective mating choice for the anomaly under study was found in the sample. The results indicate that oligodontia is inherited, which requires comprehensive study of its genetic control and search for corresponding genes.

[Hygienic assessment of early employment of adolescents during out-of-school hours]. / Gigienicheskaia otsenka rannei trudovoi zaniatosti podrostkov vo vneuchebnoe vremia.

The paper deals with the study of out-of-school working activity of a thousand 7-11 form pupils from Moscow schools by using an anonymous questionnaire. It has been found that as high as 25% of the schoolchildren regularly do different kinds of work. There are a lot of violations of the labour code as to the duration of their working day and the nature of their work. Early employment of adolescents contributes to the formation of bad habits in them. Concurrent study at school and work in the existing forms result in deterioration of their health.

[Health status of girls trained to become confectioners]. / Sostoianie zdorov'ia devushek, obuchaiushchikhsia professiiam konditera.

A total of 1200 girls aged 15-18 years who were trained as confectioners and a control matched group of schoolgirls were examined for their health. The major factors that influence the trainees were the heating environment, industrial noise, and exercise. The examination demonstrated that industrial fatigue reduced as the trainees acquired their skills, yet their emotional status and health became worse and morbidity increased.