[Daytime sleepiness and cognitive disorders in elderly patients]. / Dnevnaia sonlivost' i kognitivnye rasstroistva v pozhilom vozraste.

Data on the contribution of daytime sleepiness to cognitive impairment in elderly patients are presented. Currently, diagnostic methods of daytime sleepiness, which include diaries, neurological, clinical and instrumental tools, are used. It has been shown that daytime sleepiness correlates with different types of dementia that suggests the involvement of common neurochemical mechanisms. Multiple studies report that daytime sleepiness increases the risk of dementia in elderly people. Future research of daytime sleepiness could be focused on its clinical and paraclinical presentations to facilitate the prognosis of dementia.

[The determination of total concentration and activity of antioxidants in foodstuffs]. / Opredelenie summarnoi kontsentratsii i aktivnosti antioksidantov v pishchevykh produktakh.

We developed a new method for the analysis of active antioxidants that is based on their reactions with the ABTS+. cation radical obtained by oxidation of ABTS, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt. The feasibility of this method was confirmed by electrochemical and kinetic studies of model antioxidants. ABTS+. was shown to react rapidly with active and slowly with weak antioxidants, which allows it to be used as a model radical for the quantitative determination of the total content of natural antioxidants (antioxidant equivalent) in natural extracts and wines. Another analytical method based on the competitive oxidation of Pyrogallol Red (a detecting molecule) and the examined antioxidants by radicals derived from peroxynitrite was used for measuring the relative activity of antioxidants. A combination of both methods helped measure the total concentration of antioxidants and their average specific activities (per molecule of active compound) in extracts from grape, olive, and tomato and concentrates of various popular beverages (wines, beers, and juices), as well as in the commercial concentrated food product Kréto-A, made from grape, red wine, tomato, and olive. Red wine and red grape juice were shown to be the most rich in antioxidants (up to 20 mM), with their activity being similar to that of polyphenols. The English version of the paper: Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 2002, vol. 28, no. 6; see also http://www.maik.ru.

[Vasoactive hormones and mediators in the mechanism of the development of an aphthous process in the oral mucosa]. / Vazoaktivnye gormony i mediatory v mekhanizmakh razvitiia aftoznogo protsessa na slizistoi obolochke polosti rta.

Experiments on dogs were made to simulate aphthous process on the oral mucosa by occlusion of the common bile duct. The content of adrenaline, noradrenaline, serotonin, histamine and ascorbic acid was measured during the development of pathological process in the areas of oral mucosa tissue characterized by most frequent appearance of aphthas and in the tissue of the duodenal, small and large intestine mucosa. The magnitude of the characteristics indicated was determined 2, 6 and 12 h and 1, 3, 7 and 10 days after operation. Aphthas appeared on the 3d day. Within the first hours of the experiment there was a considerable increase in the content of noradrenaline, adrenaline and serotonin in the oral mucosa accompanied by a reduction in the histamine and ascorbic acid content. In the intestinal mucosa, shifts in the correlations between the hormones and transmitters were less pronounced. During aphthas appearance, the histamine content rose whereas other parameters decreased. The period of the reverse development was characterized by the recovery of the correlations of the hormones under study and transmitters.

Theoretical motivations of fluorine incorporation into the complex therapy of parodontosis.

The results of experiments on dogs with periodontal disease have proved the following: 1. Mobility of calcium in the jaws and skeleton occurs in periodontal disease. 2. The body of the mandible plays a particular role in the compensatory mineralization of the alveolar process. 3. There is a discernible increase in fluorine content in pathologically affected zones of jaw bones. 4. Small doses of fluorine are able to increase calcium deposition in jaw bones. Clinical proof has been obtained of the beneficial influence of fluorine in the complex treatment of periodontal disease, which is manifest in the retention of calcium and fluorine in the organism. The ability of fluorine to substitute for calcium in resorption of the alveolar margin and to stimulate calcium deposition in jaw bones provides theoretical support for the recommendation to incorporate small doses of fluorine into the complex therapy of periodontal disease.