Sustainable and green manufacturing of gravure printing cylinder for flexible packaging printing application.

Rotogravure printing cylinders are engraved by electro-mechanical engraving (EME) process in India used for printing purpose. But this process has drawbacks of the emissions of hazardous gases, solid and water pollution. EME cylinders are better in cell size, depth and needed higher copper and chrome plating thickness. By laser engraving (LE) copper and chromium thickness were reduced by 75 µm and 5 µm in a cylinder by laser engraving with also a reduction in power consumption and plating time. The carbon footprints were also reduced by 227 g per cylinder with a cost-effective solution for rotogravure printing process.

Redox-sensitive nanoparticles based on xylan-lipoic acid conjugate for tumor targeted drug delivery of niclosamide in cancer therapy.

In this study, novel redox-sensitive nanoparticles based on xylan-lipoic acid (Xyl-LA) conjugate were developed for tumor targeted delivery of niclosamide (Nic) in cancer therapy. The niclosamide loaded xylan-lipoic acid conjugate nanoparticles (Xyl-LA/Nic NPs) showed redox responsive behaviour in presence of reductive glutathione (GSH), which indicate their suitability for intracellular drug release. The obtained Xyl-LA/Nic NPs exhibited uniform particle size (196 ± 1.64 nm), high loading capacity (~28.6 wt %) and excellent blood compatibility. The anticancer activity of the Niclosamide and the Xyl-LA/Nic NPs against the colon carcinoma cell lines (HCT-15, Colo-320) were evaluated by MTT assay and the overall results indicate that the Xyl-LA/Nic NPs significantly enhanced the therapeutic efficiency of niclosamide in cancer therapy.

Nanoporous Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose-g-poly (Sodium Acrylate)/FeCl3 Hydrogel Beads: Synthesis and Characterization.

Novel sodium carboxymethyl cellulose-g-poly (sodium acrylate)/Ferric chloride (CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl3) nanoporous hydrogel beads were prepared based on the ionic cross-linking between CMC-g-PNaA and FeCl3. The structure of CMC and CMC-g-PNaA were elucidated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and the elemental composition was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The physicochemical properties of the CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl3 hydrogel beads were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The swelling percentage of hydrogel beads was studied at different time periods. The obtained CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl3 hydrogel beads exhibited a higher nanoporous morphology than those of CMC-g-PNaA and CMC beads. Furthermore, an AFM image of the CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl3 beads shows granule type topology. Compared to the CMC-g-PNaA (189 °C), CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl3 hydrogel beads exhibited improvement in thermal stability (199 °C). Furthermore, CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl3 hydrogel beads depicted a higher swelling percentage capacity of around 1452%, as compared to CMC-g-PNaA (1096%). Moreover, this strategy with preliminary results could be useful for the development of polysaccharide-based hybrid hydrogel beads for various potential applications.

Redox responsive xylan-SS-curcumin prodrug nanoparticles for dual drug delivery in cancer therapy.

Chemotherapeutic agents with different anticancer mechanisms could enhance therapeutic effect in cancer therapy by their combined application. In this study, redox-sensitive prodrug nanoparticles based on Xyl-SS-Cur conjugate were developed for co-delivery of curcumin and 5-FU in cancer therapy. The Xyl-SS-Cur conjugate was synthesized via covalent conjugation of curcumin to xylan through a disulphide (-S-S-) linkage. The Xyl-SS-Cur conjugate could self-assemble in aqueous medium into nanoparticles and the lipophilic 5-fluorouracil-stearic acid (5-FUSA) prodrug was encapsulated into the hydrophobic core of Xyl-SS-Cur NPs through dialysis membrane method. The obtained Xyl-SS-Cur/5-FUSA NPs had an appropriate size (∼217 ±â€¯2.52 nm), high drug loading of curcumin (∼ 31.4 wt%) and 5-FUSA (∼ 11.8 wt%) and high stability. The interaction of Xyl-SS-Cur/5-FUSA NPs with blood components was investigated by hemolysis study. The cytotoxicity study demonstrated that Xyl-SS-Cur/5-FUSA NPs induced higher cytotoxicity than free drugs against the Human colorectal cancer cells (HT-29, HCT-15). These results indicate that Xyl-SS-Cur/5-FUSA NPs can serve as a promising drug delivery system in cancer therapy.

Lipophilic 5-fluorouracil prodrug encapsulated xylan-stearic acid conjugates nanoparticles for colon cancer therapy.

In this study, self-assembled nanoparticles based on amphiphilic xylan-stearic acid (Xyl-SA) conjugates have been developed for the efficient delivery of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in cancer therapy. The self-assembled behavior of Xyl-SA conjugates in aqueous medium was investigated using pyrene as fluorescent probe. To enhance the loading efficacy of 5-FU, the lipophilic 5-fluorouracil-stearic acid (5-FUSA) prodrug was synthesized and subsequently encapsulated into the hydrophobic core of Xyl-SA NPs. The obtained Xyl-SA/5-FUSA NPs had an appropriate size (~278 nm), high drug loading of 5-FUSA (~14.6 wt%) and high physiological stability. The interaction of the Xyl-SA/5-FUSA NPs with blood components was investigated by hemolysis study. The cell cytotoxic studies demonstrated that Xyl-SA/5-FUSA NPs induced higher cytotoxicity than free drugs against the Human colorectal cancer cells (HT-29, HCT-15). These results indicate that Xyl-SA/5-FUSA NPs can serve as a promising drug delivery system for the efficient delivery of 5-FU in cancer therapy.