Assessment of sexual beliefs among "drug naive male" patients attending psychiatry OPD in a teaching institution: A cross-sectional study.

Background: The basic objective of any civilization is to preserve a happy family. The quality of one's sexual encounters is crucial to a happy marriage. Couples' dissatisfaction in this area may be the cause of several social, psychological, and medical issues. The way reality is interpreted, which shapes behaviors and emotions, is established by beliefs. These beliefs, which are among the most frequent causes of male sexual problems, include those relating to high performance, women's sexual enjoyment, and sexual conservatism. Aims: To identify the misconceptions about sexuality among psychiatry patients. Method This cross-sectional study was carried out at the School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University. We enrolled 200 samples and it is assessed through Sexual Beliefs Questionnaire (Male version). Result: Sexual beliefs were assessed in different domains as well as overall sexual belief score was also estimated. The different domains in which the sexual beliefs were scored were sexual conservatism, female sexual power, macho belief, beliefs about women's sexual satisfaction, restrictive attitude toward sex, and sex as an abuse of men's power. Conclusion: The development of both psychiatric and sexological care will benefit from the early identification of the intricate relationships between psychopathology, the adverse effects of antipsychotic medicines, and sexuality. However, longitudinal studies are needed to anticipate the relationship more accurately between sexual dysfunction and sexual beliefs at a larger sample size. Sexual beliefs are significant contributors to sexual dysfunction.

Corrigendum to "Exploiting cheminformatic and machine learning to navigate the available chemical space of potential small molecule inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2″ [Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal 19 (2021) 424-438].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.12.028.].

Discovery and characterization of small molecule SIRT3-specific inhibitors as revealed by mass spectrometry.

Sirtuins play a prominent role in several cellular processes and are implicated in various diseases. The understanding of biological roles of sirtuins is limited because of the non-availability of small molecule inhibitors, particularly the specific inhibitors directed against a particular SIRT. We performed a high-throughput screening of pharmacologically active compounds to discover novel, specific, and selective sirtuin inhibitor. Several unique in vitro sirtuin inhibitor pharmacophores were discovered. Here, we present the discovery of novel chemical scaffolds specific for SIRT3. We have demonstrated the in vitro activity of these compounds using label-free mass spectroscopy. We have further validated our results using biochemical, biophysical, and computational studies. Determination of kinetic parameters shows that the SIRT3 specific inhibitors have a moderately longer residence time, possibly implying high in vivo efficacy. The molecular docking results revealed the differential selectivity pattern of these inhibitors against sirtuins. The discovery of specific inhibitors will improve the understanding of ligand selectivity in sirtuins, and the binding mechanism as revealed by docking studies can be further exploited for discovering selective and potent ligands targeting sirtuins.

Exploiting cheminformatic and machine learning to navigate the available chemical space of potential small molecule inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2.

The current life-threatening and tenacious pandemic eruption of coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a significant global hazard concerning high mortality rate, economic meltdown, and everyday life distress. The rapid spread of COVID-19 demands countermeasures to combat this deadly virus. Currently, there are no drugs approved by the FDA to treat COVID-19. Therefore, discovering small molecule therapeutics for treating COVID-19 infection is essential. So far, only a few small molecule inhibitors are reported for coronaviruses. There is a need to expand the small chemical space of coronaviruses inhibitors by adding potent and selective scaffolds with anti-COVID activity. In this context, the huge antiviral chemical space already available can be analysed using cheminformatic and machine learning to unearth new scaffolds. We created three specific datasets called "antiviral dataset" (N = 38,428) "drug-like antiviral dataset" (N = 20,963) and "anticorona dataset" (N = 433) for this purpose. We analyzed the 433 molecules of "anticorona dataset" for their scaffold diversity, physicochemical distributions, principal component analysis, activity cliffs, R-group decomposition, and scaffold mapping. The scaffold diversity of the "anticorona dataset" in terms of Murcko scaffold analysis demonstrates a thorough representation of diverse chemical scaffolds. However, physicochemical descriptor analysis and principal component analysis demonstrated negligible drug-like features for the "anticorona dataset" molecules. The "antiviral dataset" and "drug-like antiviral dataset" showed low scaffold diversity as measured by the Gini coefficient. The hierarchical clustering of the "antiviral dataset" against the "anticorona dataset" demonstrated little molecular similarity. We generated a library of frequent fragments and polypharmacological ligands targeting various essential viral proteins such as main protease, helicase, papain-like protease, and replicase polyprotein 1ab. Further structural and chemical features of the "anticorona dataset" were compared with SARS-CoV-2 repurposed drugs, FDA-approved drugs, natural products, and drugs currently in clinical trials. Using machine learning tool DCA (DMax Chemistry Assistant), we converted the "anticorona dataset" into an elegant hypothesis with significant functional biological relevance. Machine learning analysis uncovered that FDA approved drugs, Tizanidine HCl, Cefazolin, Raltegravir, Azilsartan, Acalabrutinib, Luliconazole, Sitagliptin, Meloxicam (Mobic), Succinyl sulfathiazole, Fluconazole, and Pranlukast could be repurposed as effective drugs for COVID-19. Fragment-based scaffold analysis and R-group decomposition uncovered pyrrolidine and the indole molecular scaffolds as the potent fragments for designing and synthesizing the novel drug-like molecules for targeting SARS-CoV-2. This comprehensive and systematic assessment of small-molecule viral therapeutics' entire chemical space realised critical insights to potentially privileged scaffolds that could aid in enrichment and rapid discovery of efficacious antiviral drugs for COVID-19.

Prevalence of depression and anxiety among children in rural and suburban areas of Eastern Uttar Pradesh: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Psychiatric morbidity in children and adolescents is a major concern as they become more complex and intense with children's transition into adolescence. AIM: The aim of this study is to assess and compare the prevalence of depression and anxiety among children residing in rural and suburban area of eastern Uttar Pradesh and understand the burden of these problems in our society. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Children, in the age group 11-18 years, were divided into 2 groups: Group I - 100 children from rural area Tikri; Group II - 100 children from suburban area Sunderpur. Their sociodemographic details were recorded. Children's Depression Inventory and Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale were used to screen for depression and anxiety in children, respectively. The final diagnosis was done using present state examination in accordance with International Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders 10. Data were statistically analyzed using Chi-square test. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression was found to be 14.5% while that of anxiety disorder was found to be 15%. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of depression or anxiety in rural and suburban areas (P > 0.05). Depression and anxiety were more prevalent in middle adolescence, in females, and in lower-middle socioeconomic group. Depression was more prevalent in the students of class 9th -12th, whereas anxiety was more in students of lower classes. Depression was more prevalent in joint families. These differences show some important trends regarding factors affecting these problems. CONCLUSION: This study yields useful information which could be of use in early management of psychiatric disorders present in the community and prevent their development into chronic disorders.

A study to find depression in patients attending dermatological OPD in a teaching hospital.

INTRODUCTION: The relationship between skin and the brain exists because the brain, as the center of psychological functions, and the skin have the same ectodermal origin and are affected by the same hormones and neurotransmitters. Skin disorder can be a potential source of emotional distress and psychiatric illness leading to impaired psychosocial adjustments. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim and objective of this study was to find psychiatric depression in patients attending dermatology outpatient department (OPD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in the department of psychiatry. A total of 200 patients of both gender were consecutively taken who referred to psychiatry OPD from skin OPD after meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS: A total of 33.3% patients scored high on GHQ-12 Scale (General Health Questionnaire-12) and also clinically found that they were suffering from depression. CONCLUSION: Co-morbid Depression found in patients suffering from skin disorders. Proper screening and appropriate referral required for better prognosis.

A study of prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients suffering from tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVE: The study was conducted to determine the point prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients suffering from tuberculosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Total of 100 consecutive cases were included who were already diagnosed with tuberculosis after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Tools used were General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). RESULT: Out of 100 cases, 74 cases found to be having psychiatric symptoms, in which 35 cases were suffering from depression and 39 were suffering from anxiety. CONCLUSION: Psychiatric morbidity was present in the diagnosed cases of tuberculosis. Proper psycho education, timely intervention in the form of proper diagnosis and specific treatment was required. It should also be evaluated further on a bigger target population.