ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the occurrence of persistent impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (two times OGTT positive) and to compare the physical and clinical characteristics with subjects having transient IGT or diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Nondiabetic subjects aged 35-55 years were screened (n=10,839, M:W 8667:2172) using 2h capillary blood glucose. IGT was diagnosed in 1332 (12.3%). Among them, 1025 (77%) responded for a second OGTT and 531 subjects (51.8%) had persistent IGT. Biochemical, demographic and anthropometric characteristics were compared among the normal (NGT, 30.1%), IGT and diabetic subjects (DM, 18%) at second GTT. RESULTS: All had similar age. BMI, waist circumference and body fat percentage were lower in NGT than in IGT and diabetes. IGT and diabetes had similar characteristics. Family history of diabetes was the highest in persistent IGT. CONCLUSION: Among the screened subjects, 1 in 20 had persistent IGT. Subject with persistent IGT had higher rates of risk factors for diabetes, such as high BMI, waist circumference and body fat percentage.
Subject(s)
Blood Glucose/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus/etiology , Glucose Intolerance/blood , Adult , Body Mass Index , Cohort Studies , Female , Glucose Intolerance/epidemiology , Humans , India/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The rural Indian population is undergoing lifestyle transition due to socio-economic growth. This study was done to determine the temporal changes in prevalence of diabetes and IGT that could have occurred in a rural population in India as a result of the lifestyle transition. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 1213 Asian-Indian subjects aged 20 years or over was done to look for the prevalence of diabetes and IGT using the 1999 WHO criteria. The temporal changes were assessed in comparison with a similar study conducted 14 years previously. The factors associated with the temporal changes were also analysed. RESULTS: Nearly a three-fold increase in age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of diabetes (from 2.20% to 6.36%) was seen in 2003 when compared with a similar study done 14 years before. Prevalence of IGT did not change significantly (7.44% in 1989 vs 7.18% in 2003). Improvement in living conditions had occurred during the period, occupational changes were seen, the number of manual labourers had decreased and economic conditions had improved. BMI and waist circumference had increased. After correcting for age, sex and differences in time periods, waist circumference and physical inactivity showed significant associations with the increased prevalence of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Demographic transition due to improved living conditions in rural India was associated with a three-fold increase in the prevalence of diabetes. Increased upper body adiposity and physical inactivity showed significant association with this phenomenon.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Glucose Intolerance/epidemiology , Life Style , Adipose Tissue/anatomy & histology , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , India/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Rural PopulationABSTRACT
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasing in urban India. Overweight in adolescence is a marker of overweight in adult age, and it shows an association with the above diseases. There have been meagre data from India on the prevalence of childhood obesity. The objective of the study was to quantify the prevalence of overweight and its risk factors in adolescent children in urban India. School students in the age group of 13-18 years (n = 4700, M:F 2382:2318) were studied. Body mass index (BMI) was measured. Data on physical activity, food habits, occupation of parents and their economic status, birth weight of the children and age at menarche in girls were obtained by questionnaire. Age-adjusted prevalence of overweight was 17.8% for boys and 15.8% for girls. It increased with age and was higher in lower tertiles of physical activity and in higher socio-economic group. Birth weight and current BMI were positively associated. The study highlighted the high prevalence of overweight in adolescent children in urban India. Life style factors influenced BMI in adolescent age.
