Multiobjective optimal TCSC placement using multiobjective grey wolf optimizer for power losses reduction.

This study investigates the application of the multiobjective grey wolf optimizer (MOGWO) for optimal placement of thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC) to minimize power loss in power systems. Two conflicting objectives are considered: (1) minimizing real and reactive power loss, and (2) minimizing real power loss and TCSC capital cost. The Pareto-optimal method is employed to generate the Pareto front for these objectives. The fuzzy set technique is used to identify the optimal trade-off solution, while the technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution suggests multiple optimal solutions catering to diverse utility preferences. Simulations on an IEEE 30 bus test system demonstrate the effectiveness of TCSC placement for power loss minimization using MOGWO. The superiority of MOGWO is confirmed by comparing its results with those obtained from a multiobjective particle swarm optimization algorithm. These findings can assist power system utilities in identifying optimal TCSC locations to maximize their performance.

Thymidylate synthase gene polymorphisms effecting 5-FU response in breast cancer patients.

Our study supports the Drug-Gene Interaction principle, where patients experience adverse drug reactions (ADRs) due to genetic predisposition or due to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in drug metabolizing genes. The target enzyme for 5- Fluorouracil is thymidylate synthase (TYMS) this enzyme is also involved in folate metabolism. We determined the frequencies of polymorphisms in drug metabolizing enzyme like TYMS and correlated the drug response in 140 breast cancer patients compared to 150 controls, using PCR and RFLP method. In our results the TYMS1494del polymorphism was statistically significant; allele frequencies for 6bp deletion and 6bp insertion were 0.85 and 0.15 in BC (Breast Cancer) patients compared with 0.95 and 0.04 in controls. The enhancer region 2R/3R heterozygote genotypes were found to be not significant for BC risk. In this study combined genotypes showed 2 fold increased risk of BC. Frequency distribution of 2R and 3R allele among BC patients was 0.85 and 0.15 and 0.95 and 0.04 in controls respectively. Correlation analysis of TYMS enhancer region polymorphisms with drug response suggested that the response was poor in BC patients with 2R/3R and 2R/2R genotypes, but patients with poor response were fewer in number, that this gene may be important in drug response. Genetic screening of the drug metabolizing enzyme like TYMS for the presence of polymorphisms in breast cancer patients will become increasingly useful in individualizing drug therapy.