Role of jargon in the patient-doctor communication in the dental healthcare sector-A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Medical terminology is useful for better communication between medical and dental professionals. Overzealous use of this terminology and use of medical terms during patient interaction hamper the complete understanding of the doctor's explanation about their health status. Nowadays, the usage of abbreviations or short terminology in health sectors has become common during all stages like the patient's initial visit, during the diagnosis, and even during the treatment plan stage. The objective was to know the commonly used jargon in the dental profession and to know the effect of the commonly used jargon on patient-doctor communication and treatment outcomes. Three major scientific databases were used as search engines PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus by following three main search criteria, the common use of jargon in the dental profession, effect of jargon on patient-doctor communication, and treatment outcomes. An approach to meta-synthesis was used in the qualitative research methodology. With the Sandelowski and Barroso approach, meta-synthesis was carried out. Following database searches, during the years 2001 to 2022, 424 studies were gathered. Ten sources were then chosen and used in the analysis stage. Usage of jargon in dental professions has an effect on patient-doctor communication, and to an extent, it also has an effect on the treatment plan which further has its effect on treatment outcome.The correlation ratio (COR) of frequency of jargon is 0.46 (0.34; 0.57), with P value <0.0001, which indicates the presence of these issues in dental healthcare sector. The cautious use of jargon within the health profession will be beneficial in terms of professional communication with the patients and also helps in rendering better treatment to the patients.

Clinical outcomes of root coverage using porcine-derived collagen matrix with modified coronally advanced tunnel technique (MCAT) in multiple gingival recessions in smokers - a randomized controlled clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: Root coverage (RC) is an integral part in management of gingival recessions. Unlike isolated recessions, treating multiple recessions is the most challenging scenario especially in smokers who have reported reduced RC in terms of quantity and stability. Modified coronally advanced tunnel (MCAT) technique due to its improved vascularity along with use of porcine-derived collagen matrix (PDCM) (Mucograft™) with its bilayered dense collagen matrix may be a predictable alternative to conventional gold standard subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG). The purpose of this study was to compare the results of RC achieved using PDCM and SCTG with the MCAT approach in the treatment of multiple gingival recessions in smokers. METHODOLOGY: This is a prospective randomized controlled clinical study registered under clinical trial registry (CTRI no. CTRI/2020/03/024238) including 28 patients with 64 recession defects. Smokers (≥ 10 cigarettes/day for ≥ 5 years) fulfilling the inclusion criteria were randomized into the SCTG and PDCM groups which were treated with SCTG using MCAT and PDCM using MCAT technique, respectively. Recession depth (RD), recession width (RW), width of keratinized tissue (WKT), thickness of keratinized gingiva (TKG), and %RC were assessed at baseline, 3, and 6 months. Complete RC (CRC) at 3 and 6 months, RC aesthetic scores (RCES) at 6 months. RESULTS: Both groups showed significant improvement in all clinical parameters. Intergroup comparison of root coverage parameters in smokers showed better performance of the PDCM group in terms of RD, %RC, TKG, WKT, CRC (45.06%), and RCES (p < 0.001) compared to the SCTG group. Time taken for surgical procedure and visual analog pain scores were significantly lesser in the PDCM group. CONCLUSION: PDCM showed good predictable results in terms of all RC parameters compared to SCTG and thus may be used as a predictable alternative to SCTG for RC in smokers. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: PDCM can be used as a potential alternative to gold standard subepithelial connective tissue graft in smokers with better patient compliance.

Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice related to ergonomics among the students of three different dental schools in India: An original research.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Dental students and practitioners are frequently prone to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) due to the unawareness of ergonomic principles when practicing dentistry. The aim of this study was to assess the dental student knowledge, attitude, and practice toward ergonomics in three different dental schools. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1166 dental students from three different dental schools of Andhra Pradesh, India, to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding ergonomics. All the participants were provided with prestructured questionnaire form comprising 13 questions to know their knowledge, attitude, and practice related to ergonomics before and after providing guidelines on ergonomic principles. RESULTS: The majority of the dental students appreciate that the most affected regions due to work-related disorders were back (475 before and 559 after instructions), neck (354 and 420), hand and wrist (205 and 117), and shoulder and elbow (132 and 70), respectively. Knowledge and practice scores of dental students (mean and standard deviation) regarding WMSDs before and after applying ergonomic principles were 3.92 ± 2.44, 1.29 ± 1.67 and 5.81 ± 0.87, 3.03 ± 0.60, respectively. CONCLUSION: The present study provides an insight into ergonomics for dental students during routine dental procedures. The knowledge, attitude, and practice related to ergonomics were satisfactorily increased among the participants. Thus, ergonomic education of the dental health-care personnel must be focused in all the educational institutions and at continuing dental health programs by delivering ergonomic principles both theoretically and practically and should be a part of the curriculum.

Effect of e-learning methods on Dental education: An observational study.

BACKGROUND: The progress in the usage of technology in hardware, software, and cost-effective Internet connectivity enable the availability of science-related information and its usage in all the developing countries. Hence, in this practical world, there should be a need to implement effective and affordable dental education strategies to attain oral health for all in the coming years. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to reduce the need to teach theory-based, on-site classes, e-learning came into existence. E-learning for dental education may alleviate the burden of severe health worker shortages and deliver affordable access to high-quality dental education. METHODOLOGY: Evaluation and assessment methods were done to know the effectiveness of e-learning in dental education by conducting continuing dental education on newer materials and methods, assignments/formative assessments and by open discussions of case descriptions and their treatment modalities through Edmodo app in our dental institute. Effect on knowledge, skills, attitudes, and satisfaction levels of dental students compared to other traditional methods. RESULTS: Dental e-learning has the capacity to develop into a leading-edge to strengthen clinical training skills among dental students by conducting continuing dental education, assignments, formative assessments, case descriptions, and their treatment modalities through e-learning are the best ways to improve quantity and quality in dental education. CONCLUSION: The probable prospective of e-learning could be innovative or revolutionary because this helps in both theoretical-related and clinical-related advancements, and it is possible only with e-learning in developing countries to meet the quality in education.

TeaMiD: a comprehensive database of simple sequence repeat markers of tea.

Tea is a highly cross-pollinated, woody, perennial tree. High heterozygosity combined with a long gestational period makes conventional breeding a cumbersome process. Therefore, marker-assisted breeding is a better alternative approach when compared with conventional breeding. Considering the large genome size of tea (~3 Gb), information about simple sequence repeat (SSR) is scanty. Thus, we have taken advantage of the recently published tea genomes to identify large numbers of SSR markers in the tea. Besides the genomic sequences, we identified SSRs from the other publicly available sequences such as RNA-seq, GSS, ESTs and organelle genomes (chloroplasts and mitochondrial) and also searched published literature to catalog validated set of tea SSR markers. The complete exercise yielded a total of 935 547 SSRs. Out of the total, 82 SSRs were selected for validation among a diverse set of tea genotypes. Six primers (each with four to six alleles, an average of five alleles per locus) out of the total 27 polymorphic primers were used for a diversity analysis in 36 tea genotypes with mean polymorphic information content of 0.61-0.76. Finally, using all the information generated in this study, we have developed a user-friendly database (TeaMiD; http://indianteagenome.in:8080/teamid/) that hosts SSR from all the six resources including three nuclear genomes of tea and transcriptome sequences of 17 Camellia wild species. Database URL: http://indianteagenome.in:8080/teamid/.

Decoding and analysis of organelle genomes of Indian tea (Camellia assamica) for phylogenetic confirmation.

The NCBI database has >15 chloroplast (cp) genome sequences available for different Camellia species but none for C. assamica. There is no report of any mitochondrial (mt) genome in the Camellia genus or Theaceae family. With the strong believes that these organelle genomes can play a great tool for taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, we successfully assembled and analyzed cp and mt genome of C. assamica. We assembled the complete mt genome of C. assamica in a single circular contig of 707,441 bp length comprising of a total of 66 annotated genes, including 35 protein-coding genes, 29 tRNAs and two rRNAs. The first ever cp genome of C. assamica resulted in a circular contig of 157,353 bp length with a typical quadripartite structure. Phylogenetic analysis based on these organelle genomes showed that C. assamica was closely related to C. sinensis and C. leptophylla. It also supports Caryophyllales as Superasterids.

Relationship between Obesity and Periodontal Diseases in Saudi Women (Asir Region): A Prospective Study.

AIM: The present study is undertaken to assess any possible association between obesity and periodontal diseases among Saudi women in Asir region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total number of 100 obese subjects in the age group between 16 and 35 years participated in the study. A questionnaire which consisted of anthropometric measurements [neck circumference (NC) ≥ 34 cm for women] and demographic features was used. Periodontal status was assessed for the subjects. RESULTS: The periodontal disease shows significant association with anthropometric measurements (NC ≥ 34 cm for women) and demographic features. CONCLUSION: The findings of this prospective study showed possible relationship between obesity and periodontal disease. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In view of changing lifestyle with dietary habits, there is a possibility of developing obesity. The results in this research show a direct relationship between obesity and periodontal diseases by measuring body mass index (BMI) and NC in the age group of 16 to 35 years females in Saudi Arabia. Thus, it helps in preventing and managing obesity, especially among youth.

Thermoreversible gel for intrapocket delivery of green tea catechin as a local drug delivery system: An original research.

The periodontal therapies along with systemic antibiotic therapy aim at eliminating the subgingival microbiota to arrest the progression of periodontal diseases. The complete elimination is often difficult, and thus the probability of repopulation after periodontal therapy is also high. The objectives of the study are to develop in situ thermoreversible gelling system of green tea catechins suitable for periodontal pocket administration, which would act as an adjunct to mechanical periodontal therapy. Gel is prepared on a weight basis using a cold process. In vitro drug release pattern is observed through spectrophotometer analysis at 277 nm. The gel is subjected to serial dilution analysis to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disc diffusion analysis to determine the in vitro antibacterial effectiveness. Release pattern studies showed a complete release of drug from gel occurred by 36 h. A volume of 1.25 mg/ml was determined as MIC required against the periodontal pathogens. Disc diffusion analysis showed a 14 mm zone of inhibition is present around the 75 µl well for all the four species and 12 mm zone of inhibition around the 50 µl well. The advantage of F-127 is its thermoreversible nature that used for in situ gel formulation. Pluronic gel proved to be a promising carrier for prolong and effective release of green tea catechin.

Efficacy of curcumin as an adjunct to scaling and root planning in chronic periodontitis patients: A clinical and microbiological study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Curcumin is a naturally occurring anti-inflammatory agent with various biologic and medicinal properties. Its therapeutic applications have been studied in a variety of conditions, but only few studies have evaluated the efficacy of curcumin as local drug delivery agent and in the treatment of periodontitis. The present study was to evaluate the efficacy of the adjunctive use of curcumin with scaling/root planing as compared with scaling/root planing alone in the treatment of the chronic periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients with two sites in the contralateral quadrants having probing pocket depths (PPDs) of ≥5 mm were selected. Full mouth scaling and root planing (SRP) was performed followed by application of curcumin gel on a single side. Assessment of plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), PPD, and clinical attachment levels (CALs) were done at baseline and at 4(th) week. Microbiologic assessment with polymerase chain reaction was done for Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tanerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola by collection of plaque samples. RESULTS: The results revealed that there was a reduction in PI, GI, probing depth, CAL, and microbiologic parameters in test sites following SRP and curcumin gel application, when compared with SRP alone in control group. CONCLUSION: The local application of curcumin in conjunction with scaling and root planing have showed improvement in periodontal parameters and has a beneficial effect in patients with chronic periodontitis.

Knowing and avoiding plagiarism during scientific writing.

Plagiarism has become more common in both dental and medical communities. Most of the writers do not know that plagiarism is a serious problem. Plagiarism can range from simple dishonesty (minor copy paste/any discrepancy) to a more serious problem (major discrepancy/duplication of manuscript) when the authors do cut-copy-paste from the original source without giving adequate credit to the main source. When we search databases like PubMed/MedLine there is a lot of information regarding plagiarism. However, it is still a current topic of interest to all the researchers to know how to avoid plagiarism. It's time to every young researcher to know ethical guidelines while writing any scientific publications. By using one's own ideas, we can write the paper completely without looking at the original source. Specific words from the source can be added by using quotations and citing them which can help in not only supporting your work and amplifying ideas but also avoids plagiarism. It is compulsory to all the authors, reviewers and editors of all the scientific journals to know about the plagiarism and how to avoid it by following ethical guidelines and use of plagiarism detection software while scientific writing.

Evaluation of nonsurgical periodontal therapy in chronic periodontitis patients with anemia by estimating hematological parameters and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels.

BACKGROUND: Periodontal tissues mount an immune inflammatory response to bacteria and their products. Certain inflammatory cytokines produced during periodontal inflammation increase the production of acute phase proteins like high­sensitivity C­reactive protein (hs­CRP) and can depress erythropoietin production leading to the development of anemia. AIM: The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on red blood cell (RBC) parameters and hs-CRP in chronic periodontitis patients with anemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a longitudinal, interventional study with 6-month follow-up. A total of 30 subjects with anemia and chronic periodontitis with age group of 33-55 years were selected by screening hemoglobin (Hb) levels and examining periodontal findings. The clinical parameters plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at baseline. Laboratory blood investigations were performed to evaluate RBC count, Hb, packed cell volume (PCV), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and red cell indices, hs-CRP at baseline. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy was performed for all patients. Patients were recalled after 6 months. The clinical and hematological parameters were re-evaluated to analyze the changes after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. RESULTS: The results showed that there was a significant increase in Hb levels, RBC count and PCV from baseline to 6 months after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. There is significant decrease in levels of ESR and hs-CRP levels after nonsurgical periodontal therapy indicating resolution of periodontal inflammation. There is a significant decrease in PPD, scores of PI and GI and significant increase in CAL gain. Minimal changes in mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and MCH concentration indicated that the lower values of red cell parameters are not due to any vitamin and mineral deficiencies, but secondary to the chronic inflammatory changes associated with chronic periodontal disease. CONCLUSION: The present study strengthens the hypothesis that chronic periodontitis may lead to anemia and provides evidence that nonsurgical periodontal therapy can improve the anemic status and reduce levels of hs-CRP in patients with chronic periodontitis.

Management of Recurrent Post-partum Pregnancy Tumor with Localized Chronic Periodontitis.

Pregnancy tumor is a benign, hyperplastic lesion of the gingiva, considered to be reactive or traumatic rather than neoplastic in nature. The term pyogenic granuloma is a misnomer as it is not filled with pus or granulomatous tissue histologically. It is multi factorial in nature, which shows an exaggerated response to stimuli such as low grade or chronic irritation, trauma or hormonal variations. Higher levels of sex hormones during pregnancy produce effects on sub gingival microflora, the immune system, the vasculature and specific cells of periodontium which in turn in the presence of local irritants exaggerate the lesion. Since the lesion is clinically indistinguishable from other type of hyperplastic conditions, histological findings are required for proper diagnosis. We present a case report of recurrent pyogenic tumor which showed the evidence of pre-existing localized periodontitis with extensive horizontal bone destruction. The lesion was excised by electrocautery combined with conventional flap procedure after parturition period. During 3 and 6 months follow-up period post-operative healing showed satisfactory results without recurrence.

Smart spotting of pulmonary TB cavities using CT images.

One third of the world's population is thought to have been infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) with new infection occurring at a rate of about one per second. TB typically attacks the lungs. Indication of cavities in upper lobes of lungs shows the high infection. Traditionally, it has been detected manually by physicians. But the automatic technique proposed in this paper focuses on accurate detection of disease by computed tomography (CT) using computer-aided detection (CAD) system. The various steps of the detection process include the following: (i) image preprocessing, which is done by techniques such as resizing, masking, and Gaussian smoothening, (ii) image egmentation that is implemented by using mean-shift model and gradient vector flow (GVF) model, (iii) feature extraction that can be achieved by Gradient inverse coefficient of variation and circularity measure, and (iv) classification using Bayesian classifier. Experimental results show that its perfection of detecting cavities is very accurate in low false positive rate (FPR).

Comparison of matrix metalloproteinase-3 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 levels in gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal health, disease and after treatment: A clinico biochemical study.

BACKGROUND: Considering the role of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, the present study is to estimate the levels of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in periodontal health, disease and to evaluate the effect of periodontal therapy on MMP-3 and TIMP-1 concentrations in GCF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A periodontal examination and collection of GCF by extra-crevicular method was performed in 30 subjects selected randomly and categorized into 3 groups. Group I consists of 10 subjects Group II consists of 20 patients and Group III consists of 20 patients of Group II. Non surgical periodontal therapy was performed, and GCF was collected after 8 weeks from the same site of 20 chronic periodontitis patients who are considered as Group III. MMP- 3 and TIMP-1 levels were estimated in GCF-samples by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The findings were analyzed using the software and descriptive statistical methods such as Mann- Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis test. P value < 0.001 was considered significant. RESULTS: MMP-3 and TIMP-1 was detected in all samples. Highest mean MMP-3 concentrations in GCF were obtained for Group II (7.490 ng/ml) while the lowest concentrations were seen in Group I (0.344 ng/ml) and Group III (2.129 ng/ml). This suggests that MMP-3 levels in GCF increases proportionally with the progression of periodontal disease and decreases after treatment. Lowest mean TIMP-1 concentrations in GCF were obtained for Group-II (1.592 ng/ml), while the highest concentrations were seen in Group-I (8.78 ng/ml) and Group-III (6.40 ng/ml). This suggests that TIMP-1 levels in GCF decreases proportionally with progression of periodontal disease and increases after treatment. CONCLUSION: There is a substantial increase in the concentrations of MMP-3 and decrease in TIMP-1 as periodontal disease progress. Since MMP-3 and TIMP-1 levels in GCF are positively correlated with gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss, MMP-3, and TIMP-1 may be considered as a Novel Biomarkers in periodontal disease. However, controlled, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this possibility.

Estimation of prostaglandin E2 levels in gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal health, disease and after treatment.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Initial research has shown a positive correlation between the severity of periodontal disease (PD) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). However, there are no enough reports to correlate the PGE2 concentrations in GCF in periodontal health, disease and after treatment. Hence, the present study is aimed to estimate the levels of PGE2 in GCF in periodontal health, disease and after periodontal therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A periodontal examination and collection of GCF by extracrevicular method was performed in 25 subjects selected randomly and categorized into three groups on the basis of plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level. Group I (healthy) consists of 10 subjects, Group II (chronic periodontitis) consists of 15 patients and Group III (after treatment group) consists of 15 patients of Group II. PGE2 levels were estimated in GCF samples by using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: All clinical parameters improved significantly after therapy (P < 0.001). PGE2 was detected in all the samples. Highest mean PGE2 concentrations in GCF were obtained for Group II while the lowest concentrations were seen in Group I and Group III. Statistically significant difference was found between the levels of PGE2 at Group-II and Group-III (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: There is a substantial increase in the concentrations of PGE2 as PD progresses. Since PGE2 levels in GCF are positively correlated with gingival index, plaque index, probing pocket depths and clinical attachment levels, PGE2 may be considered as a Novel Biomarker in PD progression. However, controlled, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this possibility.

Estimation of matrix metalloproteinase-3 levels in gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal disease, health and after scaling and root planing.

BACKGROUND: Initial research has shown a positive correlation between the severity of periodontal disease and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). However, there are no enough reports to correlate the MMP-3 concentrations in GCF in periodontal health, disease and after treatment. Hence, the present study is to estimate the levels of MMP-3 in GCF in periodontal health, disease and to evaluate the effect of periodontal therapy on MMP-3 concentrations in GCF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Periodontal examination and collection of GCF by extracrevicular method was performed in 30 subjects selected randomly and categorized into three groups. Group I (Healthy, n=10), group II (Chronic periodontitis, n=20) and group III (After treatment group, n=20). Scaling and root planing (SRP) was performed and GCF was collected after 8 weeks of treatment. MMP-3 levels were estimated in GCF samples using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: MMP-3 was detected in all samples. Highest mean MMP-3 concentrations in GCF were obtained for group II (7.490 ng/ml), while the lowest concentrations were seen in group I (0.344 ng/ml) and group III (2.129 ng/ml). This suggests that MMP-3 levels in GCF increases proportionally with the progression of periodontal disease and decreases after treatment. CONCLUSION: There is a substantial increase in the concentrations of MMP-3 as periodontal disease progresses. Since MMP-3 levels in GCF are positively correlated with gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level, MMP-3 may be considered as a "novel biomarker" in periodontal disease progression. However, controlled, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this possibility.