ABSTRACT
Honey bee products comprise various compounds, including honey, propolis, royal jelly, bee pollen, bee wax and bee venom, which have long been recognized for their pharmacological and health-promoting benefits. Scientists have discovered that periodontal disorders stem from dental biofilm, an inflammatory response to bacterial overgrowth produced by dysbiosis in the oral microbiome. The bee products have been investigated for their role in prevention of oral diseases, which are attributed to a myriad of biologically active compounds including flavonoids (pinocembrin, catechin, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and galangin), phenolic acids (hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, p-coumaric, ellagic, caffeic and ferulic acids) and terpenoids. This review aims to update the current understanding of role of selected bee products, namely, honey, propolis and royal jelly, in preventing oral diseases as well as their potential biological activities and mechanism of action in relation to oral health have been discussed. Furthermore, the safety of incorporation of bee products is also critically discussed. To summarize, bee products could potentially serve as a therapy option for people suffering from a variety of oral disorders.
ABSTRACT
α-Tocopherol is a well-known fat-soluble antioxidant and is widely used in the food industry for stabilizing free radicals. Incorporation and stability of it into food is another challenge as directly added α-tocopherol is prone to inactivation by food constituents. This study was aimed at optimizing conditions for encapsulation of α-tocopherol using combination of sodium alginate (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0%) as primary wall material and pectin (2.0%) as filler. The optimum conditions were selected on the basis of encapsulation efficiency, shape, size, bulk density, yield and swelling index with syringe method. The encapsulation efficiency of α-tocopherol in microencapsules produced under optimal conditions was 52.91% using sodium alginate 1.5% w/v and pectin 2.0% w/v. α-Tocopherol was encapsulated with encapsulator using standard conditions and was compared with syringe method. The encapsulation efficiency was found more (55.97%) in microencapsules prepared with encapsulator and 52.11% in microencapsules prepared with syringe.