Vulture-Based AdaBoost-Feedforward Neural Frame Work for COVID-19 Prediction and Severity Analysis System.

In today's scenario, many scientists and medical researchers have been involved in deep research for discovering the desired medicine to reduce the spread of COVID-19 disease. However, still, it is not the end. Hence, predicting the COVID possibility in an early stage is the most required matter to reduce the death risks. Therefore, many researchers have focused on designing an early prediction mechanism in the basis of deep learning (DL), machine learning (Ml), etc., on detecting the COVID virus and severity in the human body in an earlier stage. However, the complexity of X-ray images has made it difficult to attain the finest prediction accuracy. Hence, the present research work has aimed to develop a novel Vulture Based Adaboost-Feedforward Neural (VbAFN) scheme to forecast the COVID-19 severity early. Here, the chest X-ray images were employed to identify the COVID risk feature in humans. The preprocessing function is done in the initial phase; the error-free data is imported to the classification layer for the feature extraction and segmentation process. This investigation aims to track and segment the affected parts from the trained X-ray images by the vulture fitness and to segment them with a good exactness rate. Subsequently, the designed model has gained a better segmentation accuracy of 99.9% and a lower error rate of 0.0145, which is better than other compared models. Hence, this proposed model in medical applications will offer the finest results.

Novel intein-containing DNA specific primers for rapid identification of Candida glabrata using Real-Time PCR assays.

Candida glabrata is an opportunistic human pathogen known to cause systemic and vaginal candidiasis. Rapid detection of Candida glabrata is indispensable for appropriate selection of antifungal drugs for chemotherapy. The study describes a unique intein-containing DNA fragment for specific detection of C. glabrata. The designed oligonucleotides detected C. glabrata (Ct mean: 24.75 ± 1.1 and Tm: 70.08 ± 0.23°C) in Real-Time PCR assays. The fluorescent signals were negative when the primers were tested for cross-species and cross-genera amplifications. In conclusion, our study recommends a novel primer set for developing a quick identification system which does not require laborious and time-consuming experimentations.

Synthesis and functional characterization of antibiofilm exopolysaccharide produced by Enterococcus faecium MC13 isolated from the gut of fish.

The synthesis and functional characterization of an antibiofilm exopolysaccharide (EPS) from a probiotic Enterococcus faecium MC13 were investigated. The temperature of 35 °C, pH of 6.5, and salinity of 1-2% were found to be optimum for EPS production. The sucrose (30 g l⁻¹) and yeast extract (20 g l⁻¹) acted as suitable carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, which strongly influenced EPS production with yield of 11.33 and 11.91 g l⁻¹. Based on the thin layer chromatography, EPS of E. faecium MC13 was found to be a heteropolysaccharide, composed of galactose and glucose sugar units with a molecular mass of 2.0 × 105 Da. Fourier transform infrared spectrum analysis of the EPS revealed many predominant functional groups including hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amide groups. EPS exhibited better emulsifying and flocculating activities which is relatively similar to those of commercial polysaccharides. In vitro antioxidant inspect of EPS showed lesser antioxidant activity than that of the control ascorbic acid. Thermal behavior of EPS was different from the other EPS produced by other lactic acid bacteria. In vitro antibiofilm assay of EPS exhibited significant biofilm inhibition, especially with Listeria monocytogenes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on EPS of E. faecium with strong emulsifying and flocculating activities.

Application of response surface methodology in the optimisation of a growth medium for enhanced natural preservative bacteriocin production by a probiotic bacterium.

In this study, a statistics-based experimental design was utilised for the optimisation of a growth medium which possibly enhanced bacteriocin production by Streptococcus phocae PI80. Carbon, nitrogen sources and a bio-surfactant were first screened using a one variable at a time technique and scored for increasing yield production. The selected variables were further statistically optimised using response surface methodology with a central composite design. The high- and low-level limits of the selected variables were determined, and a set of 34 experimental runs were performed. The concentration of each medium ingredient influenced the bacteriocin activity to about 22,500 AU mL⁻¹. The carbon and nitrogen sources were identified as significant factors in restraining the bacteriocin activity produced by S. phocae PI80. The statistics-based experimental design was found to be very efficient in optimising the media components in a number of experimental runs, with a three-fold increase in bacteriocin activity compared to the un-optimised medium. The optimum medium composition was found to be sodium succinate (10.0 g L⁻¹), yeast extract (4.0 g L⁻¹), glucose (9.0 g L⁻¹), NaCl (10.0 g L⁻¹), Tween 80 (6.0 g L⁻¹) and K2HPO4 (1.0 g L⁻¹). This optimised medium is two-fold more cost effective than the commercial Lactobacillus MRS medium.

Lactobacillus plantarum AS1 isolated from south Indian fermented food Kallappam suppress 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine (DMH)-induced colorectal cancer in male Wistar rats.

The relationship between antioxidant and anticancer properties of probiotic bacterium strain Lactobacillus plantarum AS1 (AS1) in colon cancer induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) has been studied. In this study, an increased level of lipid peroxide (LPO) products and increased activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-S transferase) and marker enzymes (alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase) in colon and plasma of cancer-bearing animals have been observed. AS1 was supplemented either before initiation or during initiation and selection/promotion phases of colon carcinogenesis and was found to be effective in altering lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities and marker enzymes to a statistically significant level measured either in the colon and in the plasma. These alterations inclined towards normal in a time-dependent manner on AS1 supplementation. The mean tumor volume diameter and total number of tumors were found to be statistically decreased in AS1 pre- and post-treated rats. Furthermore, histopathological examination shows remarkable difference between control and treated groups. The in vitro antioxidant assay shows that AS1 has promising antioxidant property. These results demonstrate that AS1 strain can modulate the development of DMH-induced rat colon carcinogenesis through an antioxidant-dependent mechanism.

Design and optimization of fermentation medium for enhanced bacteriocin production by probiotic bacterium Enterococcus faecium MC13.

Statistics-based experimental designs were used to develop a cost-effective medium for enhanced production of viable cells and bacteriocin by probiotic Enterococcus faecium MC13. Carbon, nitrogen, and mineral sources were first screened by one-variable-at-a-time (OVAT) methods. In order to increase yield production, the selected variables were further statistically optimized using response-surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD). The maximum and minimum levels of the selected variables were determined and a set of 34 experimental runs was performed. The optimum concentrations of the tested variables for production of viable cells (12.24 log CFU mL(-1)) and bacteriocin activity (25,600 AU mL(-1)) were tryptone (10.0 g/L), peptone (6.0 g/L), maltose (3.0 g/L), glucose (9.0 g/L), NaCl (15.0 g/L), sodium citrate (2.5 g/L), sodium acetate (1.0 g/L), and dipotassium PO(4) (0.1 g/L). Threefold increased yield of bacteriocin was achieved in optimized medium compared to the unoptimized counterpart, and this was two times less cost than commercial MRS medium.