ABSTRACT
Headache is infrequent in early childhood. Headache and neurological deficits associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytosis (HaNDL), a variant of migraine, is a rare disorder. A 5-year-old boy presented with recurrent episodes of headache for 6 months. Each episode lasted for a week and in the current episode, he was symptomatic for 3 days. All the episodes were associated with paresthesias and CSF lymplocytosis with normal protein and sugar. There was history of migraine in his family. His magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain with contrast with magnetic resonance (MR) angiography and venography were normal. Work-up for relevant causes of infection and vasculitis were negative. His symptoms subsided on oral antimigraine prophylaxis and he has been on remission for last 8 months. HaNDL should be considered in relevant clinical scenarios, as it prevents unnecessary investigations, therapy, and hospitalization.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Moyamoya vasculopathy, arising secondary to tubercular meningitis (TBM) is unusual. There have also been a few reports of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) in TBM. A case of TBM, complicated simultaneously by Moyamoya syndrome and CVST, is being presented here. CASE: A 1-year-old girl presented with febrile encephalopathy, vomiting, seizures and left hemiparesis. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was suggestive of TBM. Extensive infarcts were noted in the magnetic resonance imaging, involving right middle cerebral artery (MCA), anterior cerebral artery and the left MCA. Magnetic resonance venogram revealed left transverse venous sinus thrombosis and magnetic resonance angiography showed bilateral moyamoya pattern of arteriopathy. Patient was started on antitubercular therapy and low molecular weight heparin. CONCLUSIONS: Early vascular involvement affecting both arterial and venous structures has not hitherto been reported in CNS tuberculosis. Early recognition of secondary complications of CNS tuberculosis is crucial to prevent the morbidity and mortality associated with TBM.
