Exposure and health: A progress update by evaluation and scientometric analysis.

Several hands are now working worldwide to reduce exposure to air pollution, especially in developing nations. Future steps should be determined and classified as possible research solutions and gaps from the massive bulk of research output. Therefore, a scientometric approach has been applied using VOSviewer to show an accurate picture and trend in the mentioned area "Air pollution exposure and health," and its signify issues. According to the proposed study, complete 26,859 documents were retrieved from the database (ISI Web of Science) related to air pollution exposure and health effects during 2018-2022. The mapping analysis is been conducted on the country's collaboration, co-authorship, institutional collaboration, and co-occurrence of keywords. The data collected shows the information about published articles (upward trend) over the years. Based on the citations and publication database, countries like China and the USA play a prominent role in air pollution exposure and health-related research. The study clearly defines the 3 domains of research and 4 major themes that have been currently focused. The case studies related to pollution and its impact on climate and health, studies involving chemical characteristics and management practices, also Hazardous health effects, theme like association of air pollutants, chemical composition and characterization of aerosols, health impacts due to exposure and modelling and analytical approach have been the most researched topics in the past 5 years. The developing and developed countries might potentially change the research network and work structure in order to obtain advancement in the field of Air pollution and enhance measures on exposure and health. The following research attempts to provide insights to the researchers and health sectors by straightening out developments up to date and raveling the research gaps that are needed to be addressed regarding Air pollution health and exposure.

Parent-reported quality of life in children with cochlear implants differs across countries.

Pediatric cochlear implantation affects communication skills and quality of life, specifically how children interact with others and feel about themselves. Numerous studies worldwide examine well-being among pediatric cochlear implant users, but none to date compare condition-specific quality of life across countries. This retrospective study compares parent-reported cochlear implant-specific quality of life summary data across 14 published studies spanning 11 countries and 9 languages. Sample size ranged from 7 to 370 participants, and children across studies varied in mean chronologic age (3.1-12.2 years), implantation age (1.5-4.6 years), and cochlear implant experience (1.3-8.2 years). Parents completed the Children with Cochlear Implants: Parental Perspectives (CCIPP) questionnaire, an instrument assessing parent-reported cochlear implant-specific quality of life, in their home language. Analysis of variance tests were run for each CCIPP subscale across studies using summary data to determine significant differences between published manuscripts. Across countries, parents of children with cochlear implants appraise communication, social relations, and self-reliance most positively, and the effects of implantation and supporting the child least positively. Cross-country analyses revealed a significant effect of study (country) on quality of life ratings in each domain, with the largest differences in the communication domain. Limited access to implant-related accommodations, cultural awareness of hearing loss, and varying parent expectations may explain country differences in parental ratings of quality of life. Culturally sensitive psychoeducation for the entire family may foster improved life satisfaction for pediatric cochlear implant users and their families.

Air pollution in five Indian megacities during the Christmas and New Year celebration amidst COVID-19 pandemic.

Urban air quality and COVID-19 have been considered significant issues worldwide in the last few years. The current study highlighted the variation in air pollutants (i.e., PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and SO2) profile between Christmas and new year celebrations in 2019, 2020, and 2021. It can be seen that the concentration of selected air pollutants shows a substantially higher concentration in celebration periods in all reported years. The results indicate that air pollutants values are always higher than permissible limits. This observation indicates that people gather and reunite during Christmas and new year celebrations than the preceding years (2020 and 2021) amidst the pandemic. In the pandemic year, a higher margin enhanced the transportation and firework-induced air pollutant load in urban city Jodhpur, Rajasthan. In all states, a significant tendency was observed to retain the concentration profile of air pollutants in baseline concentration for almost more than one week after the celebration. This study addresses the pandemic situation, but it also dealt with the air pollutant parameter that brings down the sustainable quality of the environment due to the high usage of private vehicles, and crackers. In addition, a study on COVID-19 (cases and death rate) indicates a clear picture of the increasing trend after the event in probably all states. Thus, this approach suggested that stringent law enforcement is needed to ameliorate gatherings/reunions and pollution levels due to such events.

American parent perspectives on quality of life in pediatric cochlear implant recipients.

OBJECTIVES: Cochlear implantation influences not only communication but also psychosocial outcomes in children with severe to profound hearing loss. Focusing on issues specific to cochlear implantation (e.g., self-reliance, social relations, education, effects of implantation, and supporting the child) may provide a more accurate and relative view of functional status of pediatric cochlear implant (CI) recipients. The present study analyzes parental perspectives of CI-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children with CIs to determine (a) if parents differentially rate their child's quality of life according to psychosocial domain (e.g., communication, self-reliance, education); (b) if associations exist between quality of life domains specific to cochlear implantation in pediatric implant recipients; and (c) if demographic variables (i.e., chronologic age, age at cochlear implantation, duration of device experience) mediate parent ratings of quality of life in pediatric CI recipients. DESIGN: Parents of 33 children with CIs (mean age, 9.85 years; mean age of CI activation, 2.47 years; mean device experience, 7.47 years) completed a validated condition-specific questionnaire, Children With Cochlear Implants: Parental Perspectives. RESULTS: Parents positively rated most HRQoL domains, although education and effects of implantation received significantly less positive ratings (p < 0.01). Three domains (communication, self-reliance, and well-being) significantly correlated with at least 5 other domains, suggesting that positivity in one domain co-occurs with positivity in other domains. Demographic variables (chronologic age, CI activation age, and duration of CI use) did not correlate significantly with psychosocial outcomes; rather, parents reported positive HRQoL and successful functional use of CI across demographic variables. CONCLUSIONS: Parents of children and adolescents with CIs rate overall HRQoL positively across psychosocial domains. Significantly less positive ratings of education and effects of implantation may result from limited access to CI-related accommodations and varying parent expectations, warranting further exploration to maximize psychosocial and performance outcomes in pediatric CI users.