Thermal Transitions and Structural Characteristics of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene/cucurbit[7]uril) Polypseudorotaxane and Polyrotaxane Thin Films.

Herein, we report the thermal transitions and structural properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene/cucurbit[7]uril) pseudopolyrotaxane (PEDOT∙CB7-PS) and polyrotaxane (PEDOT∙CB7-PR) thin films compared with those of pristine PEDOT. The structural characteristics were investigated by using variable-temperature spectroscopic ellipsometry (VTSE), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). VTSE and DSC results indicated the presence of an endothermic process and glass transition in the PEDOT∙CB7-PS and PEDOT∙CB7-PR thin films. X-ray diffraction of PEDOT∙CB7-PS and PEDOT∙CB7-PR powders displayed the presence of interchain π-π stacking revealing a characteristic arrangement of aromatic rings in the internal structure of the crystallites. AFM imaging of PEDOT∙CB7-PS and PEDOT∙CB7-PR thin films exhibited significant differences in the surface topographies compared with those of PEDOT. A high degree of crystallization was clearly visible on the surface of the PEDOT layer, whereas the PEDOT∙CB7-PS and PEDOT∙CB7-PR thin films exhibited more favorable surface parameters. Such significant differences identified in the surface morphology of the investigated layers can, therefore, be clearly associated with the presence of surrounding CB7 on PEDOT skeletons.

Cellulose-Callose Hydrogels: Computational Exploration of Their Nanostructure and Mechanical Properties.

Polysaccharides play a crucial role in virtually all living systems. They also represent the biocompatible and fully sustainable component of a variety of nanoparticles, which are of increasing interest in biomedicine, food processing, cosmetics, and structural reinforcement of polymeric materials. The computational modeling of complex polysaccharide phases will assist in understanding the properties and behavior of all these systems. In this paper, structural, bonding, and mechanical properties of 10 wt % cellulose-callose hydrogels (ß-glucans coexisting in plant cell walls) were investigated by atomistic simulations. Systems of this kind have recently been introduced in experiments revealing unexpected interactions between the polysaccharides. Starting from initial configurations inspired by X-ray diffraction data, atomistic models made of ∼1.6 × 106 atoms provide a qualitatively consistent view of these hydrogels, displaying stability, homogeneity, connectivity, and elastic properties beyond those of a liquid suspension. The simulation shows that the relatively homogeneous distribution of saccharide nanofibers and chains in water is not due to the solubility of cellulose and callose, but to the formation of a number of cross-links among the various sample components. The broad distribution of strength and elasticity among the links implies a degree of anharmonicity and irreversible deformation already evident at low external load. Besides the qualitative agreement with experimental observations, the simulation results display also quantitative disagreements in the estimation of elastic coefficients, such as the Young's modulus, that require further investigation. Complementary simulations of dense cellulose-callose mixtures (no hydrogels) highlight the role of callose in smoothing the contact surface of different nanofibers forming larger bundles. Cellulose-callose structures in these systems displayed an enhanced water uptake and delayed dye release when compared to cellulose alone, highlighting potential new applications as drug delivery scaffolds. The simulation trajectories provide a tuning and testing ground for the development of coarse-grained models that are required for the large scale investigation of mechanical properties of cellulose and callose mixtures in a watery environment.

Salivary microbiomes: a potent evidence in forensic investigations.

Saliva components combine with oral cavity microorganisms, blood cells, and airway secretions after entering the oral cavity via salivary ducts; these factors provide relevant information about persons' health state, quality of life, and lifestyle, in addition to their age and gender due to which salivary microbiome has emerged as a subject of significant interest in the forensic domain. This study aims to provide an extensive review of the possible applications of the salivary microbiome in characterizing the habit-specific microbiomes. Thirty-three relevant articles were selected for inclusion in this study. The study highlighted the influence of habits on the salivary microbiome suggesting smokers have distinct bacteria like Synergistetes, Streptococcus, Prevotella, and Veillonella in relation to age; people of higher age have more Prevotella; further, dental plaque can be corelated with Streptococci and Actinomycetes. Likewise, dietary habits, alcoholism, and consumption of coffee also affect bacteria types in oral cavities. The study underscores the added benefits of salivary microbiome profiling in forensics, as it is evident that microbial DNA profiling holds substantial promise for enhancing forensic investigations; it enables the characterization of an individual's habits, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and dietary preferences; bacteria specific to these habits can be identified, thereby helping to narrow down the pool of potential suspects. In conclusion, the salivary microbiome presents a valuable avenue for forensic science, offering a novel approach which not only enhances the prospects of solving complex cases but also underscores the rich potential of microbiome analysis in the realm of forensic investigation.

Evaluation of Enhanced Cytotoxicity Effect of Repurposed Drug Simvastatin/ Thymoquinone Combination against Breast Cancer Cell Line.

INTRODUCTION: The repurposing of drugs for their anticancer potential is gaining a lot of importance in drug discovery. AIMS: The present study aims to explore the potential of Simvastatin (SIM), a drug used in the treatment of high cholesterol, and thymoquinone (Nigella Sativa) (THY) for its anti-cancer activity on breast cancer cell lines. Thymoquinone is reported to have many potential medicinal properties exhibiting antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anti-cancer, and activities like tissue growth and division, hormone regulation, immune response and development, and cell signaling. METHODS: In this analysis, we explored the inhibitory effects of the combination of simvastatin ad thymoquinone on two breast cancer cell lines viz MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The combined effect of simvastatin ad thymoquinone on cell viability, colony formation, cell migration, and orientation of more programmed cell death in vitro was studied. Cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase was concomitant with the combined effect of SIM and THY persuading apoptosis and generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS: The cell cycle arrest in combined treatment was 8.1% on MCF-7 cells and 3.8 % for MDA-MB-231 cells an increased apoptosis was observed when cells were treated in combination which was about 76.20% and 58.15 % respectively for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the combined effect of simvastatin and thymoquinone stimulates apoptosis in breast cancer cells.

Exploring the Influence of P3HT on PTCA Crystallization and Phase Behavior in Thin Films.

The thermal properties and alignment of crystallinity of materials in thin films play crucial roles in the performance and reliability of various devices, especially in the fields of electronics, materials science, and engineering. The slight variations in the molecular packing of the active layer can make considerable differences in the optical and thermal properties. Herein, we aim to investigate the tuning of the physical properties of a blended thin film of n-type small organic molecules of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid (PTCA-SMs) with the mixing of the p-type polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). The resulting thin films exhibit an enhanced surface crystallinity compared to the pristine material, leading to the formation of long crystallites, and these crystallites are thermally stable in the solid state, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and thermal analysis using variable-temperature spectroscopic ellipsometry (VTSE) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). We believe that the crystalline structure of the obtained P3HT/PTCA-SMs blends is a combination of edge-on and face-on orientations, which enable the potential use of this material as an active layer in organic electronics.

The unique biomechanics of intermediate filaments - From single filaments to cells and tissues.

Together with actin filaments and microtubules, intermediate filaments (IFs) constitute the eukaryotic cytoskeleton and each of the three filament types contributes very distinct mechanical properties to this intracellular biopolymer network. IFs assemble hierarchically, rather than polymerizing from nuclei of a small number of monomers or dimers, as is the case with actin filaments and microtubules, respectively. This pathway leads to a molecular architecture specific to IFs and intriguing mechanical and dynamic properties: they are the most flexible cytoskeletal filaments and extremely extensible. Moreover, IFs are very stable against disassembly. Thus, they contribute important properties to cell mechanics, which recently have been investigated with state-of-the-art experimental and computational methods.

Multipoint Immobilization at Inert Center of Papain on Homo-Functional Diazo-Activated Silica Support: A Way of Restoring "Above Room-Temperature" Bio-Catalytic Sustainability.

Although enzymes play a significant role in industrial applications, their potential usage at high-level efficiency, particularly above room temperature, has not yet been fully harnessed. It brings above room-temperature catalytic sustainability of an immobilized (imm.) bio-catalyst as a long pending issue to improve enzyme stability, activity, specificity, or selectivity, particularly the enantio-selectivity over the native-enzymes. At this juncture, in a robust methodology, a heterogeneous solid phase bio-catalyst, {Si(OSi)4(H2O)1.03}n=328{OSi(CH3)2-NH-C6H4-N═N}4{papain}(H2O)251, has efficiently been prepared by immobilizing papain on homo-functionalized SG (silica-gel) via multipoint covalent attachment. The bio-catalyst is easy to be recovered and reused multiple times. The homo-functional -N═N+, which appears on the SG-surface, makes the multipoint diazo-links with the inert center of the tyrosine-moiety to couple the enzyme where all the amino, thiol, phenol, and so forth, groups of the protein, including those that belong to the active-site, remain intact. The immobilized enzyme (13.9 µmol g-1) swims in pore-water within the pore-channel, remains stable up to 70 ± 5 °C, and exhibits wider temperature adaptability in performing its hydrolyzing activities. The relative activity, 78 ± 2% at 27 °C, remains quantitative for 60 days and can be reused for 60 cycles with 53% activity at room-temperature. The thermal (relative activity: 87%; incubated at 70 ± 5 °C for 24 h) and mechanical (relative activity: 92%; incubated at 2500 rpm for 2 h at 27 °C) stability was outstanding.

Microbiome analysis: An emerging forensic investigative tool.

Microbial diversity's potential has been investigated in medical and therapeutic studies throughout the last few decades. However, its usage in forensics is increasing due to its effectiveness in circumstances when traditional approaches fail to provide a decisive opinion or are insufficient in forming a concrete opinion. The application of human microbiome may serve in detecting the type of stains of saliva and vaginal fluid, as well as in attributing the stains to the individual. Similarly, the microbiome makeup of a soil sample may be utilised to establish geographic origin or to associate humans, animals, or things with a specific area, additionally microorganisms influence the decay process which may be used in depicting the Time Since death. Further in detecting the traces of the amount and concentration of alcohol, narcotics, and other forensically relevant compounds in human body or visceral tissues as they also affect the microbial community within human body. Beside these, there is much more scope of microbiomes to be explored in terms of forensic investigation, this review focuses on multidimensional approaches to human microbiomes from a forensic standpoint, implying the potential of microbiomes as an emerging tool for forensic investigations such as individual variability via skin microbiomes, reconstructing crime scene, and linking evidence to individual.

Controlling Amyloid Fibril Properties Via Ionic Liquids: The Representative Case of Ethylammonium Nitrate and Tetramethylguanidinium Acetate on the Amyloidogenesis of Lysozyme.

Protein aggregation into amyloid fibrils has been observed in several pathological conditions and exploited in nanotechnology. It is also key in several biochemical processes. In this work, we show that ionic liquids (ILs), a vast class of organic electrolytes, can finely tune amyloid properties, opening a new landscape in basic science and applications. The representative case of ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) and tetramethyl-guanidinium acetate (TMGA) ILs on lysozyme is considered. First, atomic force microscopy has shown that the addition of EAN and TMGA leads to thicker and thinner amyloid fibrils of greater and lower electric potential, respectively, with diameters finely tunable by IL concentration. Optical tweezers and neutron scattering have shed light on their mechanism of action. TMGA interacts with the protein hydration layer only, making the relaxation dynamics of these water molecules faster. EAN interacts directly with the protein instead, making it mechanically unstable and slowing down its relaxation dynamics.

Multipoint Immobilization at the Inert Center of Urease on Homofunctional Diazo-Activated Silica Gel: A Way of Restoring Room-Temperature Catalytic Sustainability for Perennial Utilization.

At present, enzyme immobilization is a big issue. It improves enzyme stability, activity, specificity, or selectivity, particularly the enantioselectivity compared to the native enzymes, and by solving the separation problem, it helps in recovering the catalyst with good reusability as desired in vitro. Motivated by these facts, in this work, Jack bean urease (JBU) is immobilized on three-dimensional (3D)-network silica gel (SG) via multipoint covalent bonding employing dimethyldichlorosilane (DMDCS) and p-nitrophenol, respectively, as the second-generation silane-coupling reagent and spacer. The homofunctional diazo group appearing at the functionalized SG unit cell makes a diazo linkage at the inert center, the ortho position of the phenolic-OH of the tyrosine moiety, where all of the amino, thiol, phenol, imidazole, carboxy, etc., groups of the enzyme residues, including those that belong to the active site, remain intact. The coupling process, analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), and fluorescence spectroscopy, occurs without molecular aggregation in borate buffer at pH 8.8 ± 0.4, which is much higher than the iso-electric point (pH 5.1) of the macromolecule where it becomes soluble. Eventually, the immobilization is maximize and also the native-enzyme activities are restored remarkably. The immobilized catalyst converts urea (0.0625-0.15 mmol L-1) to ammonia appreciably (94.50 ± 1.5%) at 27 °C, and the efficiency is well comparable to that of the native enzyme (93.0 ± 0.4%). The efficiency gradually diminishes, coming down to 50% at the 40th cycle, and the enzyme returns to its native conformation within 72 h in tris-EDTA borate buffer at 27 °C for the next 40 cycles of reuse and so on. The efficiency becomes hindered by 8-10% in every 5th subsequent reuse to reach 50% on the 30th reuse, resulting in room-temperature catalytic sustainability of 90 days. The catalytic performances are well restored in rice extract and coconut water.

Medicolite-Machine Learning-Based Patient Care Model.

This paper discusses the machine learning effect on healthcare and the development of an application named "Medicolite" in which various modules have been developed for convenience with health-related problems like issues with diet. It also provides online doctor appointments from home and medication through the phone. A healthcare system is "Smart" when it can decide on its own and can prescribe patients life-saving drugs. Machine learning helps in capturing data that are large and contain sensitive information about the patients, so data security is one of the important aspects of this system. It is a health system that uses trending technologies and mobile internet to connect people and healthcare institutions to make them aware of their health condition by intelligently responding to their questions. It perceives information through machine learning and processes this information using cloud computing. With the new technologies, the system decreases the manual intervention in healthcare. Every single piece of information has been saved in the system and the user can access it any time. Furthermore, users can take appointments at any time without standing in a queue. In this paper, the authors proposed a CNN-based classifier. This CNN-based classifier is faster than SVM-based classifier. When these two classifiers are compared based on training and testing sessions, it has been found that the CNN has taken less time (30 seconds) compared to SVM (58 seconds).

Machine Learning and IoT-Based Waste Management Model.

A rapid rise in inhabitants across the globe has led to the inadmissible management of waste in various countries, giving rise to various health issues and environmental pollution. The waste-collecting trucks collect waste just once or twice in seven days. Due to improper waste collection practices, the waste in the dustbin is spread on the streets. Thus, to defeat this situation, an efficient solution for smart and effective waste management using machine learning (ML) and the Internet of Things (IoT) is proposed in this paper. In the proposed solution, the authors have used an Arduino UNO microcontroller, ultrasonic sensor, and moisture sensor. Using image processing, one can measure the waste index of a particular dumping ground. A hardware prototype is also developed for the proposed framework. Thus, the presented solution for the efficient management of waste accomplishes the aim of establishing clean and pollution-free cities.

Anti-Cancer Potential of Some Commonly Used Drugs.

Cancer is a global concern leading to millions of deaths every year. A declining trend in new drug discovery and development is becoming one of the major issues among the pharmaceutical, biotechnology industries and regulatory agencies. New drug development is proven to be a very lengthy and a costly process. Launch of a new drug takes 8-12 years and huge investments. Success rate in oncology therapeutics is also low due to toxicities at the pre-clinical and clinical trials level. Many oncological drugs get rejected at very promising stage showing adverse reactions on healthy cells. Thus, exploring new therapeutic benefits of the existing, shelved drugs for their anti-cancerous action could result in a therapeutic approach preventing the toxicities which occurs during clinical trials. Drug repurposing has the potential to overcome the challenges faced via conventional way of drug discovery and is becoming an area of interest for researchers and scientists. Although very few in vivo studies are conducted to prove the anti-cancerous activity of the drugs. Insufficient in vivo animal studies and lack of human clinical trials are the lacuna in the field of drug repurposing. This review focuses on the aspect of drug repurposing for cancer therapeutics. There are various studies which show that drugs approved for clinical indications other than cancer have shown promising anti-cancer activities. Some of the commonly used drugs like Benzodiazepines (Diazepam, Midzolam), Antidepressants (Imipramine, Clomipramine, and Citalopram), Antiepileptic (Valporic acid, Phenytoin), Anti diabetics (metformin) etc., have been reported to show potential activity against the cancerous cells.

Stiffening Effect of the [Bmim][Cl] Ionic Liquid on the Bending Dynamics of DMPC Lipid Vesicles.

The elastic properties of the cellular lipid membrane play a crucial role for life. Their alteration can lead to cell malfunction, and in turn, being able to control them holds the promise of effective therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. In this context, due to their proven strong interaction with lipid bilayers, ionic liquids (ILs)-a vast class of organic electrolytes-may play an important role. This work focuses on the effect of the model imidazolium-IL [bmim][Cl] on the bending modulus of DMPC lipid vesicles, a basic model of cellular lipid membranes. Here, by combining small-angle neutron scattering and neutron spin-echo spectroscopy, we show that the IL, dispersed at low concentrations at the bilayer-water interface, (i) diffuses into the lipid region, accounting for five IL-cations for every 11 lipids, and (ii) causes an increase of the lipid bilayer bending modulus, up to 60% compared to the neat lipid bilayer at 40 °C.

Effective removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution in hybrid system utilizing agricultural waste as particle electrodes.

A comparison study of an electrolytic, adsorption, and a novel hybrid method towards the removal of malachite green (MGD) dye from the aquatic environment utilizing agricultural biomass, Eucalyptus globulus seeds was examined. The synthesized material has been characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, SEM, FTIR, and XRD. The acid-modified biosorbent developed a microporous structure suggesting a suitable removal process of MDG. The hybrid method was carried in an indigenously designed three-phase three-dimensional electrolytic reactor with varying applied voltage (6, 9, and 12 V) with biosorbent serving as particle electrode. The hybrid method gave the highest removal rate at a voltage of 12 V, compared to other methods. Moreover, the dye removal capacity increased with increased voltage, and contact time was optimized at 15 min. The adsorption isotherm was well fitted with Freundlich isotherm and kinetic data represented pseudo-second-order. Intra particle diffusion studies suggested no interference with gradual adsorption from macropores to micropores. The removal efficiency of particles electrodes for 6, 9, and 12 V were 95, 97, and 99.8%, respectively. The higher removal of MDG towards the hybrid system may be assigned to the synergistic effect of electrolytic and adsorption systems. Regeneration studies indicated that the biosorbent can be reused up to ten times without appreciable loss of efficiency.

Real-Time Visualization of Cellulase Activity by Microorganisms on Surface.

A variety of methods to detect cellulase secretion by microorganisms has been developed over the years, none of which enables the real-time visualization of cellulase activity on a surface. This visualization is critical to study the interaction between soil-borne cellulase-secreting microorganisms and the surface of plant roots and specifically, the effect of surface features on this interaction. Here, we modified the known carboxymethyl cellulase (CMC) hydrolysis visualization method to enable the real-time tracking of cellulase activity of microorganisms on a surface. A surface was formed using pure CMC with acridine orange dye incorporated in it. The dye disassociated from the film when hydrolysis occurred, forming a halo surrounding the point of hydrolysis. This enabled real-time visualization, since the common need for post hydrolysis dyeing was negated. Using root-knot nematode (RKN) as a model organism that penetrates plant roots, we showed that it was possible to follow microorganism cellulase secretion on the surface. Furthermore, the addition of natural additives was also shown to be an option and resulted in an increased RKN response. This method will be implemented in the future, investigating different microorganisms on a root surface microstructure replica, which can open a new avenue of research in the field of plant root-microorganism interactions.

Mechanisms of action of ionic liquids on living cells: the state of the art.

Ionic liquids (ILs) are a relatively new class of organic electrolytes composed of an organic cation and either an organic or inorganic anion, whose melting temperature falls around room-temperature. In the last 20 years, the toxicity of ILs towards cells and micro-organisms has been heavily investigated with the main aim to assess the risks associated with their potential use in (industrial) applications, and to develop strategies to design greener ILs. Toxicity, however, is synonym with affinity, and this has stimulated, in turn, a series of biophysical and chemical-physical investigations as well as few biochemical studies focused on the mechanisms of action (MoAs) of ILs, key step in the development of applications in bio-nanomedicine and bio-nanotechnology. This review has the intent to present an overview of the state of the art of the MoAs of ILs, which have been the focus of a limited number of studies but still sufficient enough to provide a first glimpse on the subject. The overall picture that emerges is quite intriguing and shows that ILs interact with cells in a variety of different mechanisms, including alteration of lipid distribution and cell membrane viscoelasticity, disruption of cell and nuclear membranes, mitochondrial permeabilization and dysfunction, generation of reactive oxygen species, chloroplast damage (in plants), alteration of transmembrane and cytoplasmatic proteins/enzyme functions, alteration of signaling pathways, and DNA fragmentation. Together with our earlier review work on the biophysics and chemical-physics of IL-cell membrane interactions (Biophys. Rev. 9:309, 2017), we hope that the present review, focused instead on the biochemical aspects, will stimulate a series of new investigations and discoveries in the still new and interdisciplinary field of "ILs, biomolecules, and cells."

Sub-Toxic Concentrations of Ionic Liquids Enhance Cell Migration by Reducing the Elasticity of the Cellular Lipid Membrane.

Cell migration is a universal and crucial mechanism for life. It is required in a series of physiological processes, in wound repair and immune response and is involved in several pathological conditions, including cancer and virus dissemination. Among the several biochemical and biophysical routes, changing cell membrane elasticity holds the promise to be a universal strategy to alter cell mobility. Due to their affinity with cell membranes, ionic liquids (ILs) may play an important role. This work focuses on the effect of subtoxic amounts of imidazolium-ILs on the migration of the model cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Here we show that ILs are able to enhance cell mobility by reducing the elasticity of the cellular lipid membrane, and that both mobility and elasticity can be tuned by IL-concentration and IL-cation chain length. This biochemical-physical mechanism is potentially valid for all mammalian cells, and its impact in bionanomedicine and bionanotechnology is discussed.

Biomimetic Replication of Root Surface Microstructure using Alteration of Soft Lithography.

Biomimetics is the use of chemistry and material sciences to mimic biological systems, specifically biological structures, to better humankind. Recently, biomimetic surfaces mimicking the microstructure of leaf surface, were used to study the effects of leaf microstructure on leaf-environment interactions. However, no such tool exists for roots. We developed a tool allowing the synthetic mimicry of the root surface microstructure into an artificial surface. We relied on the soft lithography method, known for leaf surface microstructure replication, using a two-step process. The first step is the more challenging one as it involves the biological tissue. Here, we used a different polymer and curing strategy, relying on the strong, rigid, polyurethane, cured by UV for the root molding. This allowed us to achieve a reliable negative image of the root surface microstructure including the delicate, challenging features such as root hairs. We then used this negative image as a template to achieve the root surface microstructure replication using both the well-established polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) as well as a cellulose derivative, ethyl cellulose, which represents a closer mimic of the root and which can also be degraded by cellulase enzymes secreted by microorganisms. This newly formed platform can be used to study the microstructural effects of the surface in root-microorganism interactions in a similar manner to what has previously been shown in leaves. Additionally, the system enables us to track the microorganism's locations, relative to surface features, and in the future its activity, in the form of cellulase secretion.

Controlling the mechanoelasticity of model biomembranes with room-temperature ionic liquids.

Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are a vast class of organic non-aqueous electrolytes whose interaction with biomolecules is receiving great attention for potential applications in bio-nano-technology. Recently, it has been shown that RTILs dispersed at low concentrations at the water-biomembrane interface diffuse into the lipid region of the biomembrane, without disrupting the integrity of the bilayer structure. In this letter, we present the first exploratory study on the effect of absorbed RTILs on the mechanoelasticity of a model biomembrane. Using atomic force microscopy, we found that both the rupture force and the elastic modulus increase upon the insertion of RTILs into the biomembrane. This preliminary result points to the potential use of RTILs to control the mechanoelasticity of cell membranes, opening new avenues for applications in bio-medicine and, more generally, bio-nano-technology. The variety of RTILs offers a vast playground for future studies and potential applications.