ABSTRACT
STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, randomized laboratory investigation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether administration of minocycline attenuates hind-limb motor dysfunction and gray and white matter injury after spinal cord ischemia. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Minocycline, a semisynthetic tetracycline antibiotic, has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in models of focal and global cerebral ischemia. However, there have been no data available regarding the effects of minocycline in a model of spinal cord ischemia. METHODS: Thirty-six rats were randomly allocated to one of three groups; control (C) group (n = 11), minocycline (M) group (n = 13), or sham group (n = 12). Minocycline or saline was intraperitoneally administered for 3 days beginning at 12 hours before 10 minutes of spinal cord ischemia or sham operation. Spinal cord ischemia was induced with intraaortic balloon catheter and blood withdrawal. Seventy-two hours after reperfusion, hind-limb motor functions were assessed using Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) Scale (0 = paraplegia, 21 = normal). For histologic assessments, the gray and white matter injury was evaluated using the number of normal neurons and the extents of vacuolations in the white matter, respectively. Activated microglia was also evaluated using Iba-1 immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: BBB scores and the numbers of normal neurons in the M group were significantly higher than those in the C group. The percentage areas of vacuolations in the white matter and the number of Iba-1 positive cells were significantly lower in the M group compared with those in the C group. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that minocycline administration improved hind-limb motor function and attenuated gray and white matter injury and microglial activation after spinal cord ischemia in rats.
Subject(s)
Central Nervous System/drug effects , Hindlimb/drug effects , Minocycline/pharmacology , Spinal Cord Ischemia/complications , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Central Nervous System/pathology , Central Nervous System/physiopathology , Hindlimb/physiopathology , Immunohistochemistry , Microfilament Proteins/metabolism , Minocycline/administration & dosage , Neurons/drug effects , Neurons/metabolism , Neurons/pathology , Prospective Studies , Random Allocation , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reperfusion Injury/etiology , Reperfusion Injury/physiopathology , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & controlABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Propofol and droperidol decrease the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). We investigated the incidence of PONV after total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol alone versus combined use of droperidol and propofol. METHODS: Eighty three patients, who had undergone laparoscopic gynecologic surgery with TIVA using propofol and fentanyl, were retrospectively evaluated whether droperidol had affected the incidence of early (up to six hours postoperatively) and late (6-24 hours postoperatively) PONV. Group D (46 patients) received droperidol intravenously at the end of surgery. Group N (37 patients) received no droperidol. RESULTS: The incidences of early nausea were 27% in Group N and 4% in Group D (P<0.01). The incidences of early vomiting were 0% in Group N and 8% in Group D. The incidences of late nausea were 14% in Group N and 13% in Group D. The incidences of late vomiting were 3% in Group N and 7% in Group D. CONCLUSIONS: Droperidol was useful in reducing the incidence of early nausea and vomiting after total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and fentanyl in the patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia, Intravenous/adverse effects , Anesthetics, Intravenous/adverse effects , Antiemetics/administration & dosage , Droperidol/administration & dosage , Gynecologic Surgical Procedures , Laparoscopy , Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting/etiology , Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting/prevention & control , Preanesthetic Medication , Propofol/adverse effects , Adult , Female , Fentanyl/adverse effects , Humans , Middle AgedABSTRACT
A 60-year-old woman with Cushing's syndrome due to right adreno-cortical adenoma was referred to us because retroperitoneal abscess was found during surgical removal of the right adrenal gland. The diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome was made on the basis of elevated serum levels of cortisol. The abscess was accompanied with massive subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum. After operation the patient was admitted to ICU in the Medical Center for Emergency and Critical Care. PMX-DHP, continuous hemodiafiltration, and drainage were performed, and antibiotics were given. Nine days after the admission the patient recovered generally, and was transfferd to the Department of Urology. It was demonstrated that an opportunistic infection must be always considered in the condition like the present case.
