Studies on iodine content in daily diets, particularly elderly people's diets.

Poland represents moderate degree of severity of iodine deficiency. In 1997 a national program has been introduced of obligatory iodine prophylaxis including the iodination of household salt. In order to assess the extent of iodine consumption, the assessment were carried out on iodine content in average Polish diets with regard elderly people's diets. The aim of the study was also to analyse the composition of supplements allowed for trade in Poland, with regard to iodine content in these products. The assessment of iodine content in Polish diets was performed on the basis of the data of the household budgets and the data of iodine content in food products (without kitchen salt). The calculated iodine content in average Polish daily diets (adults and children) ranged from 40.4 microg to 50.7 microg. The iodine content in elderly people's diets was 75.5 microg/daily diets. In all studied diets the amount of iodine coming from food products, not taking into account iodinated salt, was insufficient for the realization of Polish RDA for this element. It shows that iodination of kitchen salt in Poland is necessary. Moreover on the Polish market exist supplements including iodine (20-200 microg iodine in tablet).

[Magnesium status in children and adolescents with celiac disease]. / Stan odzywienia magnezem u dzieci i mlodziezy z celiakia.

UNLABELLED: Magnesium deficiency has been reported in patients with classical coeliac disease. Classical coeliac disease has been recently very rare, but the frequency of the silent or latent form has increased. The aim of the study was to evaluate the magnesium status in patients with coeliac disease diagnosed according to ESPGAN criteria. 41 GFD(+) patients aged 6-18 years, who were on a gluten-free diet (GFD) for 2.8 to 17.3 years (mean 11 years); with normal villous structure and IgAEmA(-), and 32 GFD(-) patients aged 5-17 years, with villous atrophy and IgAEmA(+): 8--after 7/12-13/12 of gluten challenge, 4--with late onset of coeliac disease, 20--with silent coeliac disease. All of the children did not have any other disorders. Magnesium status was examined by using: an i.v. Mg-loading test (30 mmol/1.73 m2); Mg urinary excretion and Mg concentration in serum, erythrocytes, and in hair. Abnormal values in GFD(+) and GFD(-) patients were found in: Mg i.v. loading test (retention > 40%) in 20 vs 34%, serum Mg (< 0.7 mmol/l) in 7 vs 3%, erythrocytes Mg (< 1.8 mmol/l) in 20 vs 25%. The reversed statistically significant correlation was found between Mg retention and Mg urinary excretion (R = -0.293, p = 0.009). No other statistically significant correlations were found. CONCLUSION: The magnesium deficiency was present in all patients with classical coeliac disease, but only in 1/5 of patients with coeliac disease on a gluten-free diet and in 1/5 of patients with silent coeliac disease.

[Reasons for magnesium deficiency in children with coeliac disease]. / Przyczyny niedoboru magnezu u dzieci i mlodziezy z celiakia.

UNLABELLED: Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is often noted in patients with coeliac disease (CD). The aim of the study was the analysis of the reasons of this deficiency in children with CD, diagnosed according to ESPGAN criteria. MATERIAL: The study was performed on 41 patients aged 6-18 years adhering to strict gluten-free diet GFD(+) for mean 11 years, with normal small intestine mucosa, and IgAEmA(-), and on 32 patients aged 5-17 years on gluten containing diet, with classical CD, silent CD or after gluten challenge--GFD(-). In this group the villous atrophy of the small intestine and IgAEmA(+) were observed. In 18 of these patients Mg deficiency was found using Mg-loading test (30 mmol/1.73 m2). METHODS: The following parameters were analysed: type of the disease, observance of gluten-free diet, sex, and living place. Mg, Ca, Na, protein, fat, and dietary fiber intake was assessed using food frequency questionnaire method, and steatorrhea using faecal fat excretion (g/24 h). RESULTS: The frequency of Mg deficiency was similar in both sexes, occasionally in children from small towns (4.5%), and more often in children from big cities (31.5%), and village (34.4%). Dietary Mg intake below RDA was observed in 23% of children from GFD(+) group, in 19% from GFD(-) one, and in 17.6% in children with Mg deficiency. Insufficient Mg intake was found in 18.2% of children from small towns, in 17.6% from big cities, and in 12.5% from villages; Ca in 36.6%, 58.8%, and 59.3%, and protein in 18.2%, 35.3%, and in 34.4% respectively. In all groups of children high intake of fat and Na was observed. Dietary fiber intake was within the recommended values. All children with classical CD had increased fat excretion (mean 25.9 g/24 h), in other patients it was within normal values [GFD(+) mean 1.95 g/24 h, in GFD(-) without diarrhoea 1.7 g/24 h. CONCLUSIONS: Magnesium deficiency in children with CD depends on the form of the disease, adhering to GFD, diarrhoea with steatorrhea, and/or low Mg intake with the diet.

[Influence of undernourishment in patients with chronic pancreatitis on amino acid utilization by the pancreas after its stimulation with secretin and cerulein]. / Wplyw niedozywienia u chorych z przewleklym zapaleniem trzustki na zuzytkowanie aminokwasów przez trzustke po jej stymulacji sekretyna i ceruleina.

The influence was studied of undernourishment in patients with chronic pancreatitis on amino acid utilization by the pancreas after its hormonal stimulation. After 45 minute of intravenous infusion of secretin (1 CU/kg) and cerulein (75 ng/kg) the decrease of plasma amino acid concentration was significantly lower (p < or = 0.001) than in undernourishment not depending on pancreas dysfunction, nor in patients with chronic pancreatitis with normal nutritional status.

[Evaluation of the influence of extrapancreatic factors (undernutrition, cirrhosis) on utilization of amino acids by the pancreas after its stimulation with secretin and cerulein]. / Ocena wplywu pozatrzustkowych czynników (niedozywienie, marskosc watroby) na zuzytkowanie aminokwasów przez trzustke po jej stymulacji sekretyna i ceruleina.

We studied the utilization of amino acids by the pancreas after its hormonal stimulation in diseases in which disturbances occur of amino acid and protein metabolism. After 45 minutes of intravenous infusion of secretin (1 CU/kg) and cerulein (75 ng/kg) we found a significantly lower (p 0.05) decrease of amino acid concentration than in healthy individuals, both in chronic pancreatitis and in undernutrition and post-inflammatory cirrhosis with decompensation of liver function. Greatest disturbances in amino acid utilization by the pancreas were found in the case of valine, leucine and isoleucine. The results of studies show certain limitations in the use of this method for the assessment of the exocrine function of the pancreas.

[Nutritional value of daily diets prepared in several regions of the country. Part VI. Value of retinol, beta-carotene and vitamin E]. / Wartosc odzywcza calodziennych racji pokarmowych odtwarzanych w kilku regionach kraju. Cz. VI. Zawartosc retinolu, beta-karotenu i witaminy E.

Determinations of retinol, beta-carotene and vitamin E were carried out in daily diets of manual and mental workers with medium incomes. The diets were prepared on the basis of the analysis of the Central Statistical Office in 1986 under laboratory conditions in five regions of Poland (Warszawa, Lublin, Olsztyn, Poznan, Wroclaw). It was found that these diets contained respectively: vitamin A (retinol and beta-carotene) 844 and 859 micrograms, retinol 466 and 496 micrograms, beta-carotene 2267 and 2167 micrograms and vitamin E 4.82 and 5.12 mg per day. In relation to the realization of daily recommended dietary allowances by these diets, for vitamin A were met respectively 102 and 104% and for vitamin E 58 and 61%. There were considerable differences in the content of beta-carotene and vitamin E between diets prepared in all five regions of Poland.

[Nutritive value of daily food rations reproduced in different regions of the country. IV. Copper, zinc and manganese levels]. / Wartosc odzywcza calodziennych racji pokarmowych odtwarzanych w kilku regionach kraju. CZ. IV. Zawatosc miedzi, cynku, manganu.

The content of copper, zinc and manganese in daily diets reconstructed in the laboratory in 1988 on the basis of data on the yearly food consumption in 1986 of two social groups (manual and mental workers) with medium income was determined. The diets were prepared for four regions of the country (Warszawa, Lublin, Poznan, Wroclaw). It was found out that the content of copper and zinc in the diets in 1986 and the realisation of recommended dietary allowances for these minerals were lower than in 1973, 1980 and 1981. The degree of realization of the recommended intake of zinc and copper in diets from 1986 was on average 67% and 45% respectively. The content of manganese in the diets was in the range of recommendation. The content of microminerals in the diets was usually similar in the all studied regions of the country.

[Nutritive value of daily food rations prepared in different regions of the country. III. The levels of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron and potassium]. / Wartosc odzywcza calodziennych racji pokarmowych odtwarzanych w kilku regionach kraju. Cz. III. Zawartosc wapnia, fosforu, magnezu, zelaza i potasu.

Studies on the content of macrominerals in daily diets reconstructed in 1988 on the basis of the analysis of family budgets in 1986 carried out by the Central Statistical Bureau were carried on. Two social groups i.e. manual and mental workers with medium income were considered. The diets were prepared for 5 regions (Warszawa, Lublin, Olsztyn, Poznan, Wroclaw). According to the studies the requirements for calcium and magnesium were met in about 70% and those for iron in about 84%. The content of potassium in the diets was in the range of recommended allowances while the phosphorus exceeded the allowances by about 20-30%. The comparison of the presently studied diets with the ones from 1973, 1980, 1981 showed a lower degree of realization of the recommended intake of calcium and magnesium in 1986. The content of studied minerals in the diets was usually similar in all five regions.

[Nutritional value of daily diets prepared in several regions of the country. Part V. Value of group b vitamins]. / Wartosc odzywcza calodziennych racji pokarmowych odtwarzanych w kilku regionach kraju. CZ. V. Zawartosc witamin grupy B.

Studies of the content of group B vitamins: thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin b6 in daily diets of manual and mental workers with medium income were carried on. The diets were prepared for five regions of the country (Warszawa, Lublin, Olsztyn, Poznan, Wroclaw) under laboratory conditions. These diets contained respectively: thiamin 1.17 and 1.11 mg, riboflavin 1.48 and 1.55 mg; niacin 11.3 and 10.2 mg and vitamin B6 1.50 and 1.21 mg per day. According to the studies the realization of daily requirements by these diets for thiamin were met 82 and 98%, for niacin 62 and 65%, and for vitamin B6 79 and 64%. The comparison of the presently studied diets with the ones from 1973, 1980 and 1981 showed that the content of niacin and vitamin B6 intakes systematically decrease. There were no considerable differences in the contents of group B vitamins between diets prepared in all five regions of Poland.

[Level of amino acids in blood plasma as a test for exocrine pancreatic function]. / Poziom aminokwasów w osoczu krwi jako test czynnosci egzokrynnej trzustki.

A well known in physiology fact is that stimulation with enterohormones (secretin, cholecystokinin) causes a steep increase in the synthesis of pancreatic enzymes, and this might affect the plasma level of amino acids. In view of this, this level was studied in healthy subjects and patients with chronic pancreatitis. Hormonal stimulation was observed to cause in healthy subjects a significant rapid fall of the levels of all amino acids, which was greatest in the 20th minute. A less evident fall of the amino acid level was observed in chronic pancreatitis. A high correlation was noted (r = 0.9) between the value of amino acid fall in plasma and the degree of failure of the exocrine pancreatic function measured with the NBT-PABA test. All results are an encouraging indication that plasma amino acid level fall may be used for the assessment of the pancreatic exocrine potential. In the analysis of individual amino acids the most significant fall was noted of methionine, serine, valine, isoleucine, glutamine and tyrosine.

[Nutritive value of daily food rations prepared in various regions of the country. I. Energy value and the levels of proteins and fats]. / Wartosc odzywcza calodziennych racji pokarmowych odtwarzanych w kilku regionach kraju.

The diets were prepared in laboratory on the basis of analysis of family budgets carried out by the Central Statistical Bureau in 1986. In the study two socioeconomic groups were considered: that is workers in industry and mental workers with medium incomes. For the preparation diets about 70 food products were obtained from retail sales in 1988. The diets were prepared for live regions of the normal recommended intake diets of energy and protein was realized in these diets in about 90%, and the requirements for fat were covered in 104% in the diets of workers and 114% in the diets of non-workers. The degree of realization of the recommended intake was similar to the results obtained in intake diets in 1973 and 1981, but lower than that in 1980. No diets related to the region of the country.

[Nutritional value of daily food rations reproduced in several regions of the country. Part II. Nutritional value of protein]. / Wartosc odzywcza calodziennych racji pokarmowych odtwarzanych w kilku regionach kraju. Cz. II. Wartosc odzywcza bialka.

The amount and quality of protein were determined in daily food rations of workers, including blue collar and white collar ones, which were reproduced in the laboratory on the basis of the data provided by the Central Statistical Bureau concerning the mean annual food consumption in 1986 (studies on household budgets). The amount of protein in the daily food ration of blue collar workers was higher (76 g) than in the families of white collar workers (68 g). The amount of energy provided by protein (12%) and the degree of coverage of the requirements for protein (mean 92%) were similar in both rations. The nutritional value of protein expressed as the NPU coefficient of protein utilization was relatively low in both rations (mean 66%). A comparison of these food rations in the years 1973, 1980, 1981 and 1986 showed that in 1980 the rations had the highest protein content (mean 93 g daily)--the highest proportion of protein-derived energy (mean 14%) and the highest proportion of protein requirement coverage (mean 120%). The nutritional value of protein (NPU, mean value 71%) was similar to that in 1973 and 1981. As compared to the preceding years the food rations in 1986 showed the lowest coverage of protein requirements and lower nutritional value as expressed with the NPUop index. A high correlation was found between the amino acid composition of dietary protein obtained by chemical analysis and those calculated from the Tables of Composition and Nutritional Value of Food Products.