Being a child of a parent with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: A qualitative study.

Children of people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder encounter great difficulties in coping with the symptoms of the disorders. The study was conducted to determine the feelings, opinions, life experiences, and needs of the children of parents with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. This is a descriptive study conducted using the in-depth interview design, a qualitative method. The sample consisted of 19 children who agreed to participate in the study with parental consent. Data were collected using a personal information form and a semi-structured qualitative interview form. The data were analyzed using the thematic analysis method. As a result of the thematic analysis, five main themes were obtained: Parents from children's eyes, living with parents, social pressure, coping strategies, this life with one word. The study concluded that children of parents followed up for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder struggle with many individual and social difficulties. These children have feelings of fear, embarrassment, or anger with this life experience; encounter social exclusion; and are overwhelmed with heavy responsibilities at an early age. Their coping strategies can be maladaptive, such as smoking or alcohol consumption, thinking of eloping, becoming introverted, and so on.

Self-esteem mediates the relationship perceived stigma with self-efficacy for diabetes management in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the mediating effect of self-esteem in the relationship between the perceived stigmatization of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and their self-efficacy regarding diabetes management. METHODS: The study was carried out with 162 patients with T2DM who visited the Internal Medicine outpatient clinic, Bartin Public Hospital, Bartin, Turkey, between December 2020 and May 2021. A descriptive information form, diabetes management self-efficacy scale, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, and type-2 diabetes stigma assessment scale were used in data collection. RESULTS: As a result of regression analyses, it was determined that the variables of stigmatization (ß= -0.294) and self-esteem (ß=0.875) had a significant predictive effect on self-efficacy of patients with T2DM, and that as self-esteem was added to the model, the effect of stigmatization on self-efficacy (ß= -0.294) decreased (ß= -0.230, p<0.05). According to these findings and the results of the Sobel test, it was determined that self-esteem had a partial mediator role (z= -3.347; p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: Minimizing the perceived stigmatization can improve patients' diabetes management self-efficacy. With patient training programs and individualized nursing care plans prepared by psychiatric nurses to provide psychological support patients and through their interventions that increase self-esteem, self-stigmatization can be reduced.

Loneliness, Perceived Social Support, and Psychological Resilience as Predictors of Internet Addiction: A Cross-Sectional Study with a Sample of Turkish Undergraduates.

Background: This article examined the perceived social support, psychological resilience, and loneliness as predictors of internet addiction among university undergraduate students in Turkey. Methods: Participants were 1028 university students (408 males and 620 females) from state university in Turkey. Measuring tools included the Descriptive Information Form, Internet Addiction Scale, Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale, UCLA Loneliness Scale, and Brief Resilience Scale. Results: According to the findings of the study, positive correlation between internet addiction and perceived social support (r = 0.078, P < .01) and loneliness (r = 0.525, P < .001) shows a significant relationship. There was a significant and inverse relationship between psychological resilience and internet addiction (r = -0.498, P < .001). It was found that perceived social support, loneliness, and psychological resilience explained 34% of the total variance in internet addiction. Regression analysis showed that perceived social support (ß = 0.061, P < .01), loneliness (ß = 0.574, P < .001), and psychological resilience (ß = -1.128 P < .001) significantly predicted internet addiction. Regression analysis revealed that psychological resilience negatively predicted internet addiction, while perceived social support and loneliness positively predicted internet addiction. Conclusion: : Based on the findings, improving students' psychological resilience can be an effective way to reduce internet addiction behavior. Additionally, social activities and relevant measures should be planned to increase students' awareness of internet addiction, reduce their feelings of loneliness, and encourage them to establish positive interpersonal relationships.