ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to determine the ototoxicities of boric acid in alcohol (BAA) and Castellani solutions by means of distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE). A total of 28 rats were randomly divided into four groups, each group consisting of 7 animals. Then, 0.1 mL Castellani solution, 0.1 mL BAA (4% boric acid solution prepared with 60% alcohol), 0.2 mL (40 mg/mL) gentamicin and 0.2 mL saline were dropped to right outer ear canals of rats in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively, twice a day, for 14 days. DPOAE values obtained on days 0 and 14 were statistically compared for the values obtained at 750-8000 Hz frequencies. A statistically significant decrease was found on day 14 compared to day 0 values in Castellani group at all frequencies (p < 0.05). In BAA group, there was a statistically significant decrease between frequencies 1500 and 8000 Hz on day 14 (p < 0.05).We found that Castellani and BAA were ototoxic. BAA and Castellani solutions should be avoided in patients with tympanic membrane perforations, ventilation tubes and open mastoid cavities.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: An adequate evaluation combined with an easily accessible test would be a useful way to direct the appropriate patients to sleep centers in circumstances with a limited opportunity for polysomnography (PSG). For this reason, it is necessary to use a screening method prior to PSG evaluation. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the use of body mass index (BMI) and pulse oximetry is sufficient to predict the severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) without PSG. METHODS: A total of 956 patients who were admitted to a tertiary referral center with complaints of witnessed apnea, excessive daytime sleepiness, and previously performed PSG were included in the study. Data of PSG (included pulse oximetry) and BMI were investigated for the determination of cut-off points for parameters in the patients. RESULTS: Based on the presence of severe OSAS, the cut-off points were ≥31.7 kg/m2 for BMI, <81% for minimum oxygen saturation (Min O2), and ≥14.1 min for sleep time with oxygen saturation <90% (ST90). Severe OSAS risk was found to be higher in patients with BMI ≥31.7 kg/m2, ST90 ≥14.1 min, and Min O2 ≤81% than in those without (OR: 37.173; 95% CI: 22.465-61.510, p=0.001). Specificity and accuracy were 94.85% and 72.49%, respectively, when all three cut-off scores were provided. CONCLUSION: The appropriate cut-off values obtained from combining BMI and pulse oximetry data can provide accurate results for predicting the severity of OSAS.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the relation of serum monocyte to serum HDL cholesterol ratio with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). A total of 336 patients who underwent polysomnography (PSG) were included in this study. The individuals with an apnea hypopnea index (AHI) <5/h were included in the study as controls while the patients with an AHI > 5 and excessive daytime sleepiness were included in the study as OSAS patients. OSAS patients were compared with the control group for serum monocyte count, high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, and monocyte to HDL ratio (MHR). Mild, moderate and severe OSAS subgroups were compared for the same parameters. Additionally, correlations of serum monocyte count, HDL level and MHR with other PSG parameters were analyzed. The mean MHR of control and OSAS groups were 12.90 ± 6.64 and 4.91 ± 6.98, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.041). Mean HDL level of the control group was 47.25 ± 13.61 mg/dL while it was 43.14 ± 13.61 mg/dL in OSAS group (p < 0.001). Comparison of OSAS subgroups for MHR and HDL levels revealed statistically significant differences (p < 0.001 and p = 0.020, respectively). MHR was higher in OSAS patients compared to the controls. MHR may be a new, useful predictor for OSAS.
