Effects of a multilevel dietary intervention in religious organizations.

PURPOSE: This study examined how to improve dietary habits of individuals from the general public. DESIGN: The Eating for a Healthy Life project was a randomized trial. SETTING: The study was conducted among members of religious organizations (ROs). SUBJECTS: Participants were a sample of RO members. INTERVENTION: The intervention was a multilevel package, based on our previous experience, designed to lower fat and increase fruit and vegetable consumption. MEASURES: The Eating Behaviors Questionnaire was administered preintervention and postintervention, together with 24-hour food recalls in a randomly selected subset. Analysis. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the study's intervention, incorporating the design effects of blocking, intraclass correlation within RO, and correlation between the preintervention and postintervention points. RESULTS: Participants (n = 2175) reported significantly healthier dietary behaviors in intervention ROs at the 12-month follow-up period, compared to participants in the comparison ROs, for a fat scale change of .08 summary scale points and an adjusted intervention effect of .06 overall. CONCLUSION: Dietary intervention through ROs is a positive and successful method of changing dietary habits.

Mammography screening among Chinese-American women.

BACKGROUND: Breast carcinoma is the most common major malignancy among several Asian-American populations. This study surveyed mammography screening knowledge and practices among Chinese-American women. METHODS: In 1999, the authors conducted a cross-sectional, community-based survey in Seattle, Washington. Bilingual and bicultural interviewers administered surveys in Mandarin, Cantonese, or English at participants' homes. RESULTS: The survey cooperation rate (responses among reachable and eligible households) was 72% with 350 eligible women (age >or= 40 years with no prior history of breast carcinoma or double mastectomy). Seventy-four percent of women reported prior mammography screening, and 61% of women reported screening in the last 2 years. In multivariate analysis, a strong association was found between mammography screening and recommendations by physicians and nurses (prior screening: odds ratio [OR], 16.0; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 7.8-35.0; recent screening: OR, 7.0; 95% CI, 3.8-13.6). This finding applied to both recent immigrants (< 15 years in the U.S.) and earlier immigrants (>or= 15 years in the U.S.). Thirty-two percent of women reported that the best way to detect breast carcinoma was a modality other than mammogram. CONCLUSIONS: The authors recommend a multifaceted approach to increase mammography screening by Chinese-American women: recommendations from the provider plus targeted education to address the effectiveness of screening mammography compared with breast self examination and clinical breast examination.