Factors associated with initiation of community-based therapy for emerging adults with mood and anxiety disorders.

AIM: The First Episode Mood and Anxiety Program (FEMAP) is a community-based early intervention program that has been shown to improve health outcomes for emerging adults (EAs) with mood and anxiety disorders. However, not all EAs who are admitted to the program initiate treatment. Our aim was to identify factors that distinguish those who initiated treatment from those who did not. METHODS: FEMAP administered questionnaires to EAs upon first contact with the program, collecting information on a range of socioeconomic, patient and condition-related factors. We compared EAs who initiated treatment in the program (n = 318, 87.4%) to those who did not (n = 46, 12.6%). To examine factors associated with treatment initiation, we specified a parsimonious logistic regression model, using the method of purposeful selection to choose from a range of candidate variables. RESULTS: Anxiety Sensitivity Index - Revised (ASI-R), binge drinking and cannabis use were included in the final logistic regression model. Each one-point increment in the ASI-R score was associated with a 1% increase in the odds of treatment initiation (OR = 1.014; 95% CI [1.003, 1.026]). No other variable was significantly associated with treatment initiation. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides insight on the differences between EAs with mood and anxiety disorders who initiated targeted treatment services and those who did not. Anxiety sensitivity was significantly associated with treatment initiation at FEMAP. Our findings suggest that it may be anxiety sensitivity, rather than depression or functional impairment per se that drive treatment initiation among EAs.

Institutional microbial analysis of odontogenic infections and their empirical antibiotic sensitivity.

Most purulent orofacial infections are of odontogenic origin. It is well established that odontogenic infections are polymicrobial in nature. Empiric antibiotics were administered before the culture and sensitivity test results were obtained and specific antibiotics were administered based on the culture and sensitivity test results. But resistance was a challenging problem all throughout along with development of more virulent strains of microorganisms which were more infectious and resistant to many known antibiotics. OBJECTIVE: To identify the causative aerobic and anaerobic micro-organisms responsible for orofacial infections and to evaluate the resistance against empirical antibiotics used in the treatment of space infections. METHOD: 142 patients with head and neck fascial space infections of odontogenic origin were randomly taken, the pus samples and aspirates were collected aseptically from patients for aerobic and anaerobic microbiological study. RESULTS: In this study the most common aerobic organism isolated was streptococcus viridians (34.49%), most common anaerobe was peptostreptococci, (61.11%) and the most common mixed organism was streptococcus with peptostreptococci (30%). Amoxicillin was the most commonly used empirical drug in all cases and showed highest resistance (96.55%) for all the organisms. But linezolid (100%) was sensitive to all the aerobic, anaerobic and mixed group of organisms. Metronidazole (100%) turned out to be sensitive to the entire anaerobic group. Clindamycin (100%) appeared sensitive to the entire aerobic group. CONCLUSION: Knowledge about the pathologic flora involved in head and neck infection in a locality and their sensitivity and resistance to commonly used antibiotics will help the clinician in administering appropriate antibiotics.

Assessment of Total Antioxidant Capacity and Antimicrobial Activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra in Saliva of HIV-Infected Patients.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of licorice in Saliva of HIV/AIDS patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Saliva specimens were collected from 20 people living with HIV infection, with CD4 count <500 cells/mm3 from people infected with HIV/AIDS in Mangalore city, India. A combination of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and nystatin was taken as the positive control and normal saline as negative control. Results were compared using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc analysis in SPSS 19. RESULTS: The TAC was evaluated spectrophotometrically at 695nm using the phosphomolybdenum method. Glycyrrhiza glabra showed a statistically significant reduction (P < 0.05) in total Candida count. The TAC of G. glabra was found to be 4.467 mM/L. CONCLUSIONS: G. glabra extracts showed good anticandidal activity and also high antioxidant property which reduces the oxidative stress of HIV-infected people.

Screening in Public Health and Clinical Care: Similarities and Differences in Definitions, Types, and Aims - A Systematic Review.

INTRODUCTION: The concept of screening can be many times misleading to many people. This may be partly due to the way screening is described and explained in textbooks and journal articles. AIM: To review prominent public health and epidemiology textbooks, dictionaries, and relevant journal publications for definitions and examples of screening, with the aim of identifying common usages and concepts, as well as sources of potential confusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Commonly available epidemiology and public health textbooks and peer reviewed journals were searched for definitions and examples of screening. The search located seven journal articles, 10 textbooks, and one dictionary. The search platforms used were Pubmed, BIOSIS, EMBASE, Medline-OVID and Scopus under the Epidemiology and Biostatics subject head listed with Life Sciences. RESULTS: Descriptions of screening give varying emphasis to whether it is a test or a program, the aims of screening, the setting in which it is conducted, eligibility criteria, who initiates and who is intended to benefit and whether the condition being screened is an infectious or chronic disease or a risk-elevated state. Four essentially different 'types' of screening are described, using seven terms and occasionally contradictory examples. The detection of asymptomatic infectious cases is gradually changing from screening to surveillance as part of infection control. CONCLUSION: Voluntary screening programs rely on high participation to be effective and support and trust of the public are essential for the continued success of the public health profession. Consistent terminology is important for patients, providers and policymakers to understand what screening is and is not. Clear definitions are needed if we are to evaluate and communicate the risks and benefits of screening in public health.

Clinical evaluation of silorane-based and dimethacrylate-based resin composites: 1-year follow-up.

This study sought to evaluate the 1-year clinical performance of silorane-based and dimethacrylate-based Class II resin composite restorations using 2 bonding strategies. Eighty-two restorations were placed in 32 patients (median age 37 years) by a single operator. Only Class II restorations were included. Each patient received 1-2 pairs of resin composite restorations with both restoration materials. Between-group comparisons were made using an adjusted chi-square test and an adjusted McNemar's chi-square test to analyze the intrasystem data (α = 0.05). Both systems demonstrated acceptable clinical performance after 1 year.