ABSTRACT
This study aimed to determine, among community-dwelling older adults, effects of aging on limits of stability in various directions and total area of functional base of support (FBoS) while standing. Forty-three older adults and 43 young adults maintained limits of stability in eight directions. FBoS was defined as the octagon formed by the corners made by the positions of center of pressure in the eight stability limits. FBoS area was smaller in older adults (36.6% ± 7.6% of base of support) than in young adults (47.2% ± 6.4%). Although the reduction in limits of stability in older adults can occur in all directions, the degree of the reduction varies in a direction-specific manner.
Subject(s)
Aging/physiology , Postural Balance/physiology , Standing Position , Aged , Female , Humans , Independent Living , Male , Young AdultABSTRACT
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that converts serine to glycine. It plays an important role in one-carbon metabolism. Recently, SHMT has been shown to be associated with various diseases. Therefore, SHMT has attracted attention as a biomarker and drug target. However, the development of molecular probes responsive to SHMT has not yet been realized. This is because SHMT catalyzes an essential yet simple reaction; thus, the substrates that can be accepted into the active site of SHMT are limited. Here, we focus on the SHMT-catalyzed retro-aldol reaction rather than the canonical serine-glycine conversion and succeed in developing fluorescent and 19F NMR molecular probes. Taking advantage of the facile and direct detection of SHMT, the developed fluorescent probe is used in the high-throughput screening for human SHMT inhibitors, and two hit compounds are obtained.
Subject(s)
Aldehydes/metabolism , Glycine Hydroxymethyltransferase/antagonists & inhibitors , Glycine Hydroxymethyltransferase/metabolism , Molecular Probes/metabolism , Biomarkers/chemistry , Crystallography, X-Ray , Fluorescent Dyes , Fluorine-19 Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Glycine/chemistry , High-Throughput Screening Assays , Humans , Serine/chemistry , Tetrahydrofolates/chemistryABSTRACT
Tumor biomarkers are highly desirable for the screening of patients with a risk of tumor development and progression. Here, we report a beta-galactosidase (ß-gal)-responsive acetaminophen (ß-GR-APAP) as a synthetic plasma biomarker for targeted tumor detection. Tumor ß-gal labeling via the recognition of tumor-related antigen enabled the detection of a tumor using ß-GR-APAP.
