ABSTRACT
Previously, we isolated and examined a bacterial strain designated as TM-I-3, belonging to the genus Bacillus, from soil in Nagasaki, Japan. This bacterium was able to inhibit the growth of molds, without coming into direct contact with them. Non-contact antifungals are capable of providing multidirectional inhibition and may contribute to disease prevention. In this study, we revealed the bacteriological properties of TM-I-3 and evaluated the antifungal activity of the compounds emitted from this bacterium. In addition, we analyzed the antimicrobial substances released from TM-I-3 using GC/MS to elucidate the mechanism of its action. Antimicrobial compounds from strain TM-I-3 were identified as acetic acid, propanoic acid, isovaleric acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, and benzaldehyde, which are all reported to have antimicrobial activity. TM-I-3 demonstrated possible efficacy in inhibiting the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus, Cladosporium cladosporioides and Penicillium expansum, which may lead to inhibition of common fungal contaminants of household products and prevention of some pulmonary diseases.
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Aspergillus fumigatus/drug effects , Bacillus/metabolism , Cladosporium/drug effects , Penicillium/drug effects , Volatile Organic Compounds/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/chemistry , Antifungal Agents/metabolism , Aspergillus fumigatus/growth & development , Bacillus/classification , Bacillus/genetics , Cladosporium/growth & development , Cluster Analysis , DNA, Bacterial/chemistry , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Japan , Penicillium/growth & development , Phylogeny , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Volatile Organic Compounds/chemistry , Volatile Organic Compounds/metabolismABSTRACT
Cell wall mannan of the pathogenic yeast Candida krusei was prepared using the antibiotic Benanomicin A, which has a lectin-like function. The chemical structure of this molecule was found to be similar to that of mannan prepared from the same yeast by the conventional method using Fehling reagent. Only a few degradation products were detected when the mannan prepared using Fehling reagent was subjected to alkali treatment (ß-elimination), but multiple α-1,2-linked oligosaccharides were detected when the mannan purified with Benanomicin A was treated with alkali. These results indicate that most of the O-linked sugar chains in mannan were lost under conventional conditions when exposed to the strongly alkaline Fehling reagent. In contrast, the O-glycosidic bond in mannan was not cleaved and the O-linked sugar chains were maintained and almost intact following treatment with the mild novel preparation method using Benanomicin A. Therefore, we argue that the new mannan preparation method using Benanomicin A is superior to conventional methods. In addition, our study suggests that some yeast mannans, whose overall structure has already been reported, may contain more O-linked sugar chains than previously recognized.
