ABSTRACT
AIMS: The remission rates for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) during algorithm-guided treatment (AGT), which consisted of four treatment strategy steps were prospectively compared with treatment as usual (TAU). METHODS: The remission rates of patients with mild or moderate MDD during AGT (n = 83) were compared with TAU (n = 127). RESULTS: The remission rate in the AGT group (60.2%) was approximately 10% greater than that in the TAU group (49.7%). The median number of days to achieve remission in the AGT group (93 days) was half as long as that in the TAU group (191 days). The hazard ratio of remission was 1.5 (95% confidence interval: = 1.2-1.8). A higher rate of lithium augmentation in the AGT group (20.5%) compared to the TAU (4.7%) may have led to the greater remission rate. Most participants who did not achieve remission either during the initial or second treatment steps dropped out from AGT. CONCLUSIONS: AGT may be superior to TAU for patients with mild or moderate MDD, based on the remission rates achieved. The later treatment steps in the AGT, however, were rarely utilized because participants who did not receive any benefit dropped out early.
Subject(s)
Algorithms , Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Depressive Disorder, Major/drug therapy , Lithium Compounds/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Remission Induction , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To report on a patient with Hashimoto's encephalopathy induced by lithium. PATIENT AND INTERVENTIONS: A 61-year-old woman with a type II bipolar disorder and a history of lithium-induced thyrotoxicosis associated with silent thyroiditis was hospitalized to treat a severe major depressive episode. Given long-term treatment with levothyroxine for hypothyroidism that had resulted from silent thyroiditis, endogenous hormone in thyroid follicles was assumed to be minimized by the negative feedback, decreasing risk of recurrent thyrotoxicosis if lithium were restarted. RESULTS: Lithium clearly relieved the patient's depressive symptoms, but after 40 days encephalopathy developed. Thyrotoxicosis was ruled out, and serum antithyroid antibody titers were elevated. In the cerebrospinal fluid, protein content was substantially elevated and antithyroid antibodies were detected. Encephalopathy resolved dramatically after course of intravenous pulse therapy with methylprednisolone. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that autoantibodies against antigens shared by the thyroid gland and the brain were induced by exposure to lithium, causing the patient to develop Hashimoto's encephalopathy.
Subject(s)
Antimanic Agents/adverse effects , Hashimoto Disease/chemically induced , Lithium Chloride/adverse effects , Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy , Female , Humans , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Taijinkyofusho is a culture-related syndrome conceptualized in Japan. While previous studies suggest its psychopathological similarities to social phobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder, introspection regarding shame and low self-esteem is particularly linked to Japanese culture. We present three cases of Taijinkyofusho: Cases 1 and 2 show neurotic features while Case 3 shows delusional thoughts. Paroxetine was used for treatment but was productive in only the first two cases. Phobic and obsessive thought patterns were altered in Cases 1 and 2, suggesting that the significant core symptoms were responding to the treatment. In the future, large-scale pharmacological studies will be necessary to investigate treatment outcomes Taijinkyofusho. Such studies would contribute to providing information for effective treatment as well as for examining relationships between Taijinkyofusho and related disorders.
