Study on the kinetics of the adsorption and desorption of NH3 on Fe/HBEA zeolite.

In this work, a Fe/HBEA zeolite (Si/Al: 12.5), representing an effective catalyst for the NH3-SCR process, was physico-chemically characterized and investigated regarding the kinetics of the adsorption and desorption of NH3. The sample was evaluated by N2 physisorption, 57Fe Möessbauer and DRUV-Vis spectroscopy, while the kinetics was investigated by temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 (TPD) including different adsorption temperatures. It was shown that the NH3 chemisorption results in weakly and strongly bonded molecular ammonia as well as ammonium species. A kinetic mean field model was developed implying two different types of adsorbates reflecting low (ca. 200 °C). Kinetic parameters and surface coverages were obtained from numeric fits of the TPD curves, whereas pre-exponential factors of adsorption were deduced from the kinetic gas theory. As a result, the activation energy for the NHx adsorbate decomposition in the low temperature regime, which is assigned to single and double bonded ammonium species was determined to be 106 kJ mol-1. The NH3 desorption at higher temperatures referred to an activation energy of 133 kJ mol-1 predominately related to NH3 coordinated to Lewis acid surface sites and to some extent to stabilized NH4+ species. For validation of the kinetic model, experiments were simulated including NH3 adsorption at different temperatures, subsequent flushing with N2 and final TPD. Additionally, the consistency of the activation energies with the thermodynamic data was checked using differential scanning calorimetry and a van't Hoff approach.

Synthesis and stability of single-phase chalcopyrite - a potential reference material for key investigations in chemistry and metallurgical engineering.

Single-phase chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) is a key reference material in the development of new metallurgical processes to ensure a reliable copper supply. Here, we report on the successful synthesis of single-phase chalcopyrite and its phase behaviour. We further rationalise different opinions previously expressed in the literature. Chalcopyrite synthesis has been studied at 450 °C with varying sulfur contents and analysed using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and 57Fe-Mössbauer spectroscopy. With stoichiometric amounts (Cu : Fe : S = 25 : 25 : 50) the main chalcopyrite phase is contaminated with pyrite (FeS2) and bornite (Cu5FeS4). Single-phase chalcopyrite was only found in samples containing around 49.7 at% sulfur in the reactant mixture. Mößbauer spectroscopy confirmed that chalcopyrite contains trivalent iron. Temperature dependent XRPD measurements detected an order-disorder phase transition starting at 485 °C. At temperatures above 535 °C, samples only contained intermediate solid solutions. These adopt the sphalerite structure with the lattice constant slightly varying with Cu : Fe ratio.

Kinetic modeling of the adsorption and desorption of CO2 on α-Fe2O3.

The present paper addresses the interaction of CO2 with polycrystalline α-Fe2O3 revealing considerable catalytic activity in CO oxidation to yield CO2. The mechanism of adsorption and desorption of CO2 was investigated by diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), while the kinetics was examined by temperature-programmed desorption (CO2-TPD). For numeric modeling as well as simulation of the surface coverage, an elementary kinetic mean field model was constructed using Arrhenius-based rate expressions. The kinetic parameters of desorption were taken from fitting calculations (A2 = 3.01 × 10(5) mol (m(2) s)(-1), E2(0) = 112.8 kJ mol(-1), α2 = 70.2 kJ mol(-1)), whereas the adsorption was considered to be non-activated and the pre-exponential factor was estimated from kinetic gas theory (A1 = 0.0192 m s(-1), E1 = 0 kJ mol(-1)). For model validation, predicted and experimental CO2-TPD profiles were compared and thermodynamic consistency was evaluated by using differential scanning calorimetry (ΔadsH(250 °C) = -129 kJ mol(-1)) as well as literature data.

Salen-based metal-organic frameworks of nickel and the lanthanides.

A well defined salen-nickel complex was introduced as "metalloligand" in lanthanide-based MOFs. By using this strategy unique structures, in which the salen-nickel unit acts as flexible strut, were obtained. The shape of the network is strongly influenced by the ion radius of the lanthanide element.

On the local sensitivity of different IR techniques: Ba species relevant in NO(x) storage-reduction.

IR spectroscopy is widely used to elucidate reaction mechanisms in NO(x) storage and reduction (NSR). Observed band positions and assignments of vibrational modes, however, differ remarkably among the various investigations. We report an IR study of barium species relevant in NSR, aiming to clarify the source of the reported discrepancies and different surface and bulk sensitivity of various IR measurement configurations. Four IR techniques, namely, transmission IR spectroscopy (TIRS), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IRS), polarization-modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS), all suitable for in situ studies of the reaction system, were used. Depending on the IR technique certain bands undergo a clear band shift or disappearance, evidently showing different surface and bulk sensitivity. In spectra of barium nitrate recorded by the more bulk sensitive IR techniques, i.e. TIRS, ATR-IRS, and PM-IRRAS, fewer bands appeared than in the more surface sensitive DRIFTS spectra. This work constitutes a collection of IR spectra of reference barium compounds for the clarification of species present in the NSR catalyst system. The band position or the presence of certain bands assigned to the same chemical species may deviate if the spectra were measured by different IR techniques, especially if the compared IR techniques differ in surface/bulk sensitivity. This implies that the band assignment valid for spectra measured by DRIFTS can be transferred to TIRS, ATR-IRS, and PM-IRRAS only with precautions.