ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to establish reference ranges for gut microbial indices by collecting real-world Japanese microbiome data from a Mykinso cohort. Although several large cohort studies have focused on the human gut microbiome, large cohort studies of the gut microbiome from Japanese populations are scarce, especially from healthy or non-diseased individuals. We collected stool samples and original survey lifestyle information from 5,843 Japanese individuals through the Mykinso gut microbiome testing service. From the obtained 16S rRNA sequence data derived from stool samples, the ratio and distribution of each taxon were analyzed. The relationship between different epidemiological attributes and gut microbial indicators were statistically analyzed. The qualitative and quantitative indicators of these common gut microbiota were confirmed to be strongly correlated with age, sex, constipation/diarrhea, and history of lifestyle-related diseases. Therefore, we set up a healthy sub-cohort that controlled for these attribute factors and defined reference ranges from the distribution of gut microbial index in that population. Taken together, these results show that the gut microbiota of Japanese people had high beta-diversity, with no single "typical" gut microbiota type. We believe that the reference ranges for the gut microbial indices obtained in this study can be new reference values for determining the balance and health of the gut microbiota of an individual. In the future, it is necessary to clarify the clinical validity of these reference values by comparing them with a clinical disease cohort.
ABSTRACT
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is diagnosed by subjective clinical symptoms. We aimed to establish an objective IBS prediction model based on gut microbiome analyses employing machine learning. We collected fecal samples and clinical data from 85 adult patients who met the Rome III criteria for IBS, as well as from 26 healthy controls. The fecal gut microbiome profiles were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, and the determination of short-chain fatty acids was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The IBS prediction model based on gut microbiome data after machine learning was validated for its consistency for clinical diagnosis. The fecal microbiome alpha-diversity indices were significantly smaller in the IBS group than in the healthy controls. The amount of propionic acid and the difference between butyric acid and valerate were significantly higher in the IBS group than in the healthy controls (p < 0.05). Using LASSO logistic regression, we extracted a featured group of bacteria to distinguish IBS patients from healthy controls. Using the data for these featured bacteria, we established a prediction model for identifying IBS patients by machine learning (sensitivity >80%; specificity >90%). Gut microbiome analysis using machine learning is useful for identifying patients with IBS.
ABSTRACT
By the surgical orthodontic treatment for the patient who has a malocclusion, scaffold reverse occlusion, it is considered that remarkable change of maxillofacial form in the oro-facial region affects the stomatognathic functions. The purpose of this study was to analyze stomatognathic functions during border-movements and masticatory movements before and after surgical orthodontic treatment. The lateral border movements were analyzed regarding the symmetry of both sides and the change of angle of balancing condylar path. The masticatory movements were analyzed during opening and closing phases. We also analyzed cross patterns. In consequence, the lateral border movements were extended after the surgical orthodontic treatment, and the symmetries of the border-movement were improved. The angle of balancing condylar path did not show a large change in the sagittal plane by a remarkable change of the anterior guidances during lateral movements. However, the balancing condylar path in the horizontal and frontal plane had a tendency to change. The cross patterns of the masticatory movements tended to decrease after the surgical orthodontic treatment, and each of the opening phase and the closing phase tended to separated independently, i.e. each movement became stable. It was also suggested that the occlusal relationships of the upper and lower jaw including occlusal contacts had particular effect on the stomatognathic functions.
