ABSTRACT
Rab11a, Rab11b, and Rab25 in mammals are thought to comprise a subfamily of Rab proteins, although Rab25 has two amino acid differences in its effector domain. We have isolated and characterized the genomic sequences of murine Rab11a and Rab25 and compared them with those of previously characterized mammalian Rab genes. The Rab11a gene spans 29 kb and Rab25 spans 9 kb. The genes have TATA-less promoters, but contain GC-rich areas in their upstream 5' regions. Both genes have 5 exons, with the introns containing characteristic repeats. Rab11a has an unusually long 8. 5-kb fourth intron. The Rab11a and Rab25 genes are localized to chromosomes 9C and 3E3/F1, respectively. The overall organization of the Rab11a, Rab11b, and Rab25 genes is similar, with homologous exon-intron boundaries, and differs markedly from those of Rab3A and Rab1A. These results confirm that Rab11A, Rab11b, and Rab25 represent a closely related gene family.
Subject(s)
rab GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Base Sequence , Cloning, Molecular , DNA Primers , Mice , Molecular Sequence Data , TATA Box , rab GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistryABSTRACT
Empirical data to help gauge risk for repeat suicide attempts and noncompliance with outpatient psychiatric care among adolescent suicide attempters discharged from emergency departments is scarce. In this study, 62 adolescent suicide attempters discharged from a regional trauma center serving an urban/suburban area with a broad range of social classes were followed up at three months after their attempts to assess treatment compliance and repeat attempts. Information regarding suicidal intent and characteristics of the attempt were collected by emergency physicians at the time of the attempt. Parental ratings of adolescent functioning were also collected. At three-month follow-up, none of the adolescents had completed suicide; 7% made a repeat suicide attempt, 16% never followed through with outpatient psychiatric appointments, 15% attended one session, and 21% went to only two appointments. A prior suicide attempt, alcohol use at the time of the attempt, and greater planning of the suicide attempt were associated with better compliance with outpatient psychiatric treatment. None of the variables predicted repeat attempts. Parental reports of an adolescent's physical fighting and health problems of a family member were related to referral failure. Clinical implications are discussed.
Subject(s)
Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Continuity of Patient Care , Patient Compliance , Suicide, Attempted/psychology , Adolescent , Emergency Service, Hospital , Family , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Psychotherapy , Rhode Island , Risk Factors , Stress, Psychological , Surveys and Questionnaires , Trauma CentersABSTRACT
When males attempt suicide, they often use more lethal and violent methods than females. However, this article suggests that gender alone is not especially useful in assessing the seriousness of adolescent suicide attempts. In the study discussed here, the sociodemographic and psychological characteristics of female and male suicide attempters seen in a pediatric hospital are compared. There were no sociodemographic differences between the groups. Boys and girls were similar when assessed regarding suicidal ideation, depression, and hopelessness. More males than females were diagnosed with conduct disorders. Some items on the Suicide Intent Scale indicated that boys exhibited more serious intentionality than girls. Division of the sample based on suicide intentionality resulted in differences in the level of reported depression.
Subject(s)
Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Suicide, Attempted/psychology , Suicide, Attempted/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Motivation , Psychological Tests , Sampling Studies , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Adolescents seen in a general hospital emergency department or psychiatrically hospitalized were followed up at one month and three months following a suicide attempt. Findings included substantial drop-out rates for psychotherapy and high rates of repeated suicide attempts by three months. Implications for disposition planning and care of such adolescents are discussed.
