Relationship between genuine and pseudohalitosis and social anxiety disorder.

Halitosis is described as offensive breath caused by various factors such as periodontal diseases, bacterial coating of tongue, systemic disorders and different types of foods. Pseudohalitosis is a situation that patients complain of oral malodor even though they do not have offensive odour. The purpose of this study was to compare the relationships between social anxiety estimations and both pseudohalitosis and genuine halitosis cases. Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) and questionnaire regarding halitosis were applied to 100 participants. Halitosis was determined using organoleptic method, gas chromatography and portable sulphur monitor. anova test and 2-tailed Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficient were used to determine the differences and relations between groups. With reference to LSAS, 62% of participants had anxiety. Among these patients, 98% had genuine halitosis (P < 0·05). The mean measurements of VSC values were 248·65 ppm in halimeter, 298·02 ppm of H2 S, 95·33 ppm of CH3 SH and 47·00 ppm of (CH3 )2 S in gas chromatography. Halitosis was present in 90% of participants, and it was absent in 10% by organoleptic assessment. There was a significant correlation between organoleptic and halimeter measurements. Moreover, statistically significant relationship was detected between anxiety and halitosis. Genuine halitosis patients exhibit social anxiety, so it can be said that there is a causal relationship between halitosis and anxiety. Comparison of the results of objective measurements (sulphur monitor, gas chromatography, organoleptic method) was statistically significant; therefore, it can be said that these methods can be used in diagnosis of halitosis with high accuracy.

Visibility of artificial buccal recurrent caries under restorations using different radiographic techniques.

The aim of the present study was to assess intraoral images and two cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) systems for detection of artificial buccal recurrent caries under restorations. Class V cavities were made for composite (30 teeth) and amalgam (30 teeth). Full restorations with thermoplastic polymer (30 teeth) and nickel-chromium metal crown (30 teeth) were constructed. In 60 teeth, artificial buccal recurrent caries were simulated; 60 other teeth served as controls. Intraoral film, intraoral digital, Veraviewepocs 3D, and Kodak 9000 images were scored twice. κ Coefficients were calculated and Az values were compared using Z-tests, with a significance level of α=0.05. Higher interobserver agreement was obtained from the CBCT images compared with the intraoral images. The Az values of both readings of all three observers were highest for the Veraviewepocs 3D followed by Kodak 9000 except for the second reading of the third observer. CBCT outperformed intraoral radiography in detection of artificial buccal recurrent caries under restorations.

Dental students' knowledge and attitudes towards cone beam computed tomography in Turkey.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate students' knowledge and attitudes regarding cone beam CT (CBCT). METHODS: A questionnaire consisting of 11 questions was given to 472 dental students (280 pre-graduate and 192 post-graduate) at two institutions located in Ankara, Turkey (Ankara University, Faculty of Dentistry, and Gazi University, Faculty of Dentistry). Differences in responses by institution, education level and sex were statistically assessed with the χ(2) test. RESULTS: Statistical results showed that only 63.3% of students had heard of CBCT. Of these, 59.9% said they had learned about CBCT in their classes, 31.0% in seminars and 20.9% from the internet; 76.8% felt that CBCT was not given adequate coverage in their courses; 69% thought that CBCT should be taught as part of their clinical education; 91% thought it essential for CBCT to be available at dental faculties; 53.5% believed that the use of CBCT would become more widespread in the near future; and 84.9% wished to use CBCT technology in their future careers. CONCLUSION: This research suggests that efforts should be made to improve students' knowledge base regarding CBCT and that the dental school curriculum should devote more curriculum time to this promising new technology.

A comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of CBCT images of different voxel resolutions used to detect simulated small internal resorption cavities.

AIM: To assess ex vivo the use of two different cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) units at different voxel resolutions for the detection of simulated small internal resorption cavities. METHODOLOGY: A total of 60 single-rooted mandibular incisors and canines were split mesiodistally along the coronal plane into labial and lingual sections. Artificial internal root resorption was simulated by drilling with a 0.5-mm-diameter round bur to its full depth at either the cervical or apical portion of the labial wall. In total, 60 cavities were created (30 cervical and 30 apical), and 60 locations (30 cervical and 30 apical) were left without cavities. The sections were rejoined and placed in dry human mandibles in groups of 6 and imaged using two different CBCT units at different resolutions to obtain five image sets as follows: Iluma, ultra-resolution (0.1 mm(3)); Iluma, high-resolution (0.2 mm(3)); Iluma, low-resolution (0.3 mm(3)); 3D Accuitomo 170, 6 x 6 cm FOV (0.125 mm(3)); 3D Accuitomo 170, 8 x 8 cm FOV (0.160 mm(3)). Each image set was viewed by two observers and evaluated using a 5-point scale for detection of internal resorption cavities. Kappa coefficients were calculated to assess intra- and inter-observer agreement. Az values were calculated and compared, with a significance level of alpha = 0.05. RESULTS: Kappa values were fair-to-moderate for the low-resolution Iluma images and good to excellent for all other image sets. Both intra- and inter-observer agreement values were higher for the Accuitomo images than for the Iluma images. The highest Az values were obtained with the Accuitomo 0.125 mm(3) images and the lowest with the Iluma 0.3 mm(3) images. The Az values for the Accuitomo and Iluma ultra- and high-resolution images were higher than those of the low-resolution Iluma images. No differences (P > 0.05) for internal resorption detection were found between the Az values of the Accuitomo 0.125 mm(3), Accuitomo 0.160 mm(3), ultra-resolution Iluma and high-resolution Iluma images. CONCLUSION: Ultra-and high-resolution Iluma and Accuitomo 0.125 and 0.160 mm(3) CBCT images performed similarly and better than low-resolution Iluma images in the detection of simulated internal resorption ex vivo.