ABSTRACT
Fatty acids were identified in monofloral beebread (BB) and bee pollen (BP) loads collected from Trifolium pratense L. A gas chromatography method was used to identify and quantify fatty acids: Thirty-five fatty acids were identified in BB and 42 in BP. A high amount of the healthy n-3 fatty acids was found. The ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3 to n-6 reached a value of 8.42 and 3.35 in the latter products. The proteomic analysis also was performed on the manually collected T. pratense pollen, and the most abundant protein groups were subjected to mass spectrometry analysis. Proteins identified in T. pratense pollen are involved in the main cellular functions (cell membrane formation, organelles traffic, and mainly metabolic processes). Because of the composition of fatty acids in BB and BP and a variety of proteins present in pollen, these products are considered to be favorable for human nutrition and health.
ABSTRACT
The pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-dependent soluble glucose dehydrogenase based carbon paste electrodes were investigated and applied for glucose monitoring in the oxygen deficient media. Reagentless biosensors possessing a wide linear range (up to 5 mM glucose with a detection limit of 0.12 mM) were designed. The oxygen-insensitive response of the biosensor creates the opportunity to use it as a flow-through device for continuous monitoring of glucose in media during the wine yeast fermentation process. The analysis of glucose assimilation rate by yeast strains using the developed biosensor correlated well (R2=0.9938) with convenient yeast testing methods.
Subject(s)
Biosensing Techniques/instrumentation , Conductometry/instrumentation , Fermentation/physiology , Glucose 1-Dehydrogenase/chemistry , Glucose/analysis , PQQ Cofactor/chemistry , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism , Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis/methods , Electrodes , Equipment Design , Equipment Failure Analysis , Oxygen Consumption/physiologyABSTRACT
A new amperometric immunosensor for detection of antibodies against bovine leukemia protein (gp51) was designed. The detection of antibody-antigen complex formation was based on application of secondary antibodies labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FCA) and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) were selected as suitable mediators for this immunosensor. Optimal conditions for amperometric detection were found. Sensitivity of created system was compared with the results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) reaction, and was sufficient for detection of usual anti-gp51 antibody concentration present in the blood serum of BLV-infected cattle.
Subject(s)
Biosensing Techniques/instrumentation , Electrochemistry/instrumentation , Enzootic Bovine Leukosis/virology , Immunoassay/instrumentation , Leukemia Virus, Bovine/isolation & purification , Leukemia Virus, Bovine/metabolism , Viral Envelope Proteins/analysis , Animals , Biosensing Techniques/methods , Cattle , Electrochemistry/methods , Enzootic Bovine Leukosis/diagnosis , Equipment Design , Equipment Failure Analysis , Immunoassay/methods , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
This paper focuses on the use of PQQ-dependent enzymes (PQQ enzymes) in amperometrical biosensors and gives emphasis on their innovative designs and applications. The study covers some aspects in the evolution of biosensors based on PQQ enzymes. Main attention is focused on the electrochemical properties of PQQ enzymes as very promising materials for the formation of electrochemical biosensors. Immobilization approaches and redox mediators recently used in PQQ enzymes based biosensors are reviewed. The acceptance of polypyrrole as a very promising immobilization matrix for some PQQ enzymes is discussed.
