Body Balance and Physiotherapy in the Aquatic Environment and at a Gym.

The increase in the average age of our society represents a growing medical and social problem, which requires concentration on the issue concerning balance disorders. The aquatic environment has a number of complex properties that have miscellaneous effects on the human body. In the light of the above, water is becoming an ideal environment to learn correct neuromuscular communication, and a properly prepared training session in water helps to practice balance and movement coordination. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of rehabilitation in the aquatic environment on patients' balance and compare the results obtained with patients who received rehabilitation at a gym. The study was carried out among patients hospitalised in the "Krzeszowice" Rehabilitation Centre. It encompassed 137 patients, randomly assigned to either the study group (the aquatic environment) or the control group (the gym). The preliminary examination included general medical history and a test on the stabilometric platform. The patients attended training sessions for 4 weeks, 5 times a week for 30 minutes. It was a single-blinded study wherein the authors did not know which group a given patient had been assigned to. Upon completion of a monthly therapy, the stabilometric test was carried out again. The study revealed that the patients from both groups experienced a significant improvement in balance. However, the improvement was slightly greater in those exercising in the pool. Physiotherapy in the aquatic environment makes a greater contribution to the improvement of body balance compared to physical exercises performed at a gym.

Vascular density of inferior tibiofibular joint - cadaveric experimental study.

The study was carried out on 50 human lower legs obtained during autopsies (KBET: 122.6120.315.2016). The anatomy of the joint was studied using classical anatomical description methods. Based also on literature we have reviewed the current knowledge on the inferior tibiofibular joint blood supply considering the important clinically aspect - vascular density. Authors of this paper postulate relatively low vascular density of the region described and potential worse condition for healing in case of injury or after surgical procedures performed. We also postulate that ligament screws should be positioned with special respect to time limit which enables proper healing of the syndesmosis.

Blood vessels of the shin - anterior tibial artery - anatomy and embryology - own studies and review of the literature.

Injuries of the lower leg are rather frequent in every day orthopedic routine. Process of healing takes quite a long time and is commonly dependent on the proper vasculature. e study was carried out on 50 human lower legs obtained during autopsies. The anatomy of the vascular system of the leg was studied using classical anatomical dissection methods. Based also on literature we have reviewed the current knowledge on the vascularization of the lower leg and its embryological background.

Blood vessels of the shin - posterior tibial artery - anatomy - own studies and review of the literature.

Anatomy of the vascular system of the leg was studied using classical anatomical dissection methods. Based also on literature we have reviewed the current knowledge on the vascularization of the lower leg and its embryological background with special respect toward the posterior tibial artery and its branches.

Inferior tibiofibular joint (tibiofibular syndesmosis) - own studies and review of the literature.

The study was carried out on 50 human lower legs obtained during autopsies. The anatomy of the joint was studied using classical anatomical description methods. Based also on literature we have reviewed the current knowledge on the inferior tibiofibular joint.

Structured-light 3D scanner in use to assess the human body posture in physical therapy - a pilot study.

AIM: The main goal of this study was to asses the possibility of using mass production structured-light 3d scanner to asses human body posture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on a healthy 23 year old volunteer and a lay-figure. The experiment consisted of 28 3D scans, divided into three separate tests. RESULTS: The largest deviation observed in the first two trials was 24.42 mm. While the largest deviation observed in the third trial was 49.91 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Data obtained with the mass production structured-light 3d scanner may have comparable or better performance than commercially available systems for the assessment of BP.

Do anthropometric measurements of the hand impact the histological structure of the human median nerve at the level of the carpal tunnel?

INTRODUCTION: The literature lacks data on the histological structure of the median nerve on the level of the carpal tunnel, and its possible correlations with the anthropometric measurements of the hand. AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the anthropometric measurements of human cadaver hands and their median nerves histological structure and whether a correlation existed between these two. MATERIAL & METHODS: This study has been conducted using cadavers stored in a 10% solution of formaldehyde at the Department of Anatomy of the Jagiellonian University Medical College (JUMC) and cadavers from the Department of Forensic Medicine JUMC. Before dissection anthropometric measurements were carried out. After dissection the median nerves were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and histological slides were prepared. These were later photographed (16 x magnification) and analysed using ImageJ software. RESULTS: The studied group comprised 8 women and 22 men (age between 23-92 years). Anthropometric measurements comparison by gender revealed statistically significantly larger CR-CU, MR-MU and TS-ID distances in men then in women. When comparing sides, the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the right median nerve (0.216 +/- 0.06 cm2) was statistically significantly larger (p = 0.017) then the CSA of the left median nerve (0.173 +/- 0.05 cm2). No correlation was noted between the anthropometric and histological measurements obtained in this study. CONCLUSIONS: Anthropometric measurements of the hand do not impact the histological structure of the human median nerve at the level of the carpal tunnel. Nerve bundles of the median nerve, at the level of the carpal tunnel, display no particular type of arrangement.