Subject(s)
Chloral Hydrate , Conscious Sedation/methods , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , InfantSubject(s)
Hypoxia/blood , Leukemia, Lymphoid/blood , Oximetry , Aged , Humans , Male , Oxygen/bloodABSTRACT
The authors studied the effects of pancuronium, 14--200 micrograms/kg, on epinephrine-induced arrhythmias (premature ventricular contractions) in dogs anesthetized with halothane, 1.4 MAC. Neither muscle relaxant significantly affected the arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine. This finding indicates that the usual guidelines for the administration of epinephrine during halothane anesthesia are not affected by concomitant administration of the two nondepolarizing muscle relaxants studied.
Subject(s)
Arrhythmias, Cardiac/chemically induced , Epinephrine/adverse effects , Halothane , Pancuronium/pharmacology , Tubocurarine/pharmacology , Anesthesia, General/methods , Animals , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Dogs , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Heart Rate/drug effects , MaleABSTRACT
Arrhythmogenic doses of epinephrine were determined in six mongrel dogs anesthetized at 1.4 MAC halothane initially in the absence of local anesthetics and then at increasing arterial plasma levels of lidocaine, bupivacaine, and etidocaine. The authors gave epinephrine intravenously at 5 microgram/kg/min and calculated the arrhythmogenic dose as a function of time until two or more premature ventricular contractions occurred within a 10-sec period. The control arrythmogenic dose of epinephrine was 4.66 +/- 0.46 microgram/kg (mean +/- SEM). Arrythmogenic doses of epinephrine were increased significantly after each dose of lidocaine, bupivacaine, and etidocaine. With the largest doses studied, local anesthetic plasma levels were frequently in the toxic range. The data show that lidocaine, bupivacaine, and etidocaine equally protect against epinephrine-induced arrhythmias in dogs anesthetized with halothane.
Subject(s)
Acetanilides/therapeutic use , Anesthesia, Inhalation , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/prevention & control , Bupivacaine/therapeutic use , Etidocaine/therapeutic use , Halothane , Lidocaine/therapeutic use , Animals , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/chemically induced , Bupivacaine/blood , Dogs , Epinephrine , Etidocaine/blood , Lidocaine/bloodABSTRACT
The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of aliflurane was measured in ten dogs. A value of 1.84 volumes per cent was determined, which correlates well with predictions based on lipid solubility. Induction of anesthesia and recovery were rapid, as would be anticipated with an agent of relatively low solubility in blood (blood-gas partition coefficient = 1.7). Circulatory responses over a relatively narrow range of aliflurane concentrations (0.8 to 1.4 MAC) remained stable, but the development of tachypnea, irregular ventilatory patterns, and increased muscle tone were frequently encountered during aliflurane anesthesis.
Subject(s)
Anesthetics/analysis , Cyclopropanes/analysis , Hydrocarbons, Halogenated/analysis , Pulmonary Alveoli/analysis , Anesthesia, Inhalation , Animals , Blood Gas Analysis , Blood Pressure , Carbon Dioxide/blood , Dogs , Fires/prevention & control , Heart Rate , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Intubation, Intratracheal , MaleABSTRACT
Continued employment of extracorporeal circulation provides for adequate oxygenation despite massive pulmonary hemorrhage. However, this modality requires continuing heparinization, which seems to preclude control of the hemorrhage. The longer bleeding persists, the more the pulmonary damage. Further, the problems of massive volume replacement will be added to this catastrophe. The authors believe that rapid discontinuance of extracorporeal bypass, reversal of heparinization with protamine, aggressive pulmonary suctioning, and alternate ventilation with 100% O2 were responsible for their good result. Arterial hypoxemia was avoided despite pulmonary suction yielding 1500 ml in 17 minutes.
