Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 31
Filter
1.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 33(2B): 133-133, abr. 2023.
Article in Portuguese | CONASS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1437867

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A fibrilação atrial (FA) é a arritmia cardíaca sustentada mais comum no mundo e está associada a alta morbidade e mortalidade. O diagnóstico precoce da FA é parte fundamental para o controle bem sucedido da carga global da doença e, infelizmente, muitos casos não são diagnosticados devido à dificuldade de identificação da arritmia por profissionais de saúde não especializados. Nesse contexto, o uso de inovações tecnológicas como a inteligência artificial no processo de investigação diagnóstica surge como uma potencial intervenção disruptiva. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi desenvolver um modelo de redes neurais artificiais (RNAs) com utilização de imagens de eletrocardiograma (ECG) e extração de sinais com alta sensibilidade e especificidade em relação a laudos médicos. MÉTODOS: O modelo foi treinado com dados de 11.029 ECGs de janeiro a dezembro de 2022, que totalizaram 100.108 derivações para treinamento da rede neural, uma ResNet unidimensional, utilizada com uma camada de convolução inicial, quatro blocos de camadas residuais e um bloco de densa camada para classificação binária. A extração foi individual de acordo com a disposição e tamanho das derivações na imagem do ECG, que foram então transformadas em um sinal unidimensional. A partir dos dados brutos em forma de sinal, foi realizada uma reamostragem, padronizando todos os fabricantes para 300hz. Em seguida, os ruídos do sinal foram removidos por meio do filtro Savitzky-Golay. Em seguida, o sinal foi padronizado para ter mediana = 0 e desvio padrão = 1. Foi adicionado um padding para ter um tamanho padrão de 2048. O padding utilizado foi um valor constante igual a zero. Realizamos padronização e preenchimento no sinal original (não filtrado) para obter 2 dados de uma única derivação. RESULTADOS: O modelo apresentou, ao final, uma sensibilidade de 100% e uma especificidade de 94,5% para a identificação de FA no ECG. Esse resultado foi um ganho para a utilização de redes neurais, pois a tecnologia utilizada anteriormente, com apenas a extração de métricas de onda, apresentava uma precisão menor. CONCLUSÃO: Concluímos que modelos de RNA, que extraem sinais de imagens e os transformam em predições para tomada de decisão por médicos especialistas, podem ser incluídos no arsenal de métodos preditivos para triagem com alta sensibilidade e trazer laudos médicos mais rápidos e confiáveis.


Subject(s)
Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction , Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis , Neural Networks, Computer
2.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 33(2B): 166-166, abr. 2023.
Article in Portuguese | CONASS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1438046

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: As doenças cardiovasculares (DCVs) são as principais responsáveis por mortes no mundo. A incorporação de novas tecnologias utilizando Inteligência Artificial (IA) surge como potencial aliada para a otimização do manejo dessas doenças. No entanto, ainda há a necessidade de aumentar a confiança nos modelos de IA, especialmente nos modelos de Machine Learning (ML). Nesse contexto, a pesquisa com extração e processamento de sinais tem alta precisão na detecção de anomalias cardíacas, mas sem capacidade de confirmar o diagnóstico de algumas doenças, pois não conta com o auxílio de variáveis clínicas, como é o caso do infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM). OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi desenvolver um modelo de ML utilizando variáveis clínicas e processamento de sinais para detectar infarto agudo do miocárdio com elevação do segmento ST (IAMCST) com alta sensibilidade em relação a laudos médicos. MÉTODOS: Os modelos foram treinados com dados de 381 pacientes de 10 hospitais públicos brasileiros, obtidos de abril a julho de 2022, e validados com dados de 124 pacientes, em agosto de 2022. As variáveis utilizadas, além da elevação do segmento ST, foram sexo, idade, presença de marca-passo, sintomas como falta de ar e dor torácica, comorbidades como diabetes, dislipidemia, arritmias, sedentarismo, sobrepeso e tabagismo. A reamostragem foi realizada com incidência de 1:1 nos casos sem IAM para os casos com IAM. Os modelos Logistic Regression, Random Forest e AdaBoost foram hiperparametrizados e treinados com Cross-Validation em 5 vezes. As variáveis mais importantes para a predição foram idade, predição do modelo de extração de sinal com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST, falta de ar e dor torácica. O melhor modelo para o problema foi o AdaBoost, obtendo com o melhor threshold sensibilidade de 96% e especificidade de 45%. Os três modelos obtiveram uma área sob a curva ROC acima de 0,80, resultando em excelentes modelos para triagem de casos. CONCLUSÃO: Modelos de ML que combinam informações de dados clínicos e exames complementares, como ECG, podem ser melhores que modelos lineares para triagem de IAMCST, com alta sensibilidade e capacidade de interpretação aditiva aos algoritmos mais eficientes disponíveis na prática clínica.

3.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 117(5 supl. 1): 31-31, nov., 2021. ilus.
Article in Portuguese | CONASS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1348625

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A doença cardiovascular (DCV) é a principal causa de morte no Brasil e no mundo, sendo o infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) o principal responsável por tal liderança. Um dos fatores determinantes no desfecho do IAM é o tempo para dar início ao tratamento. Um caminho extremamente promissor para a obtenção de diagnóstico e tratamento mais precoces tem sido o uso de inovações tecnológicas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto da aplicação de um hub tecnológico no cenário de dor torácica na sala de emergência. MÉTODOS: foram compilados dados obtidos a partir da implementação da plataforma Kardia em 9 hospitais da rede pública de diferentes estados brasileiros dos últimos 4 meses (de maio a agosto de 2021). Tal hub tecnológico, desenvolvido pela startup Neomed, utiliza Inteligência Artificial (IA) para identificar eletrocardiogramas (ECGs) com alta probabilidade de alterações, que devem ser laudados em até 5 minutos pelo cardiologista de plantão na plataforma. RESULTADOS: um total de 1.789 ECGs foram inseridos na plataforma Kardia, dos quais 52,8% (945) foram considerados anormais; destes, 8,14% (77) apresentaram alterações compatíveis com eventos isquêmicos (correntes de lesão ou isquemia miocárdica). A mediana da entrega dos laudos foi de 3'01''. CONCLUSÕES: a implementação do hub Kardia no cenário de dor torácica na sala de emergência se mostrou viável e com grande potencial de redução da distância entre sintomas e o tratamento de pacientes com SCA.


Subject(s)
Artificial Intelligence , Cardiovascular Diseases , Myocardial Infarction
4.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 78(7): 440-449, July 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1131723

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Although the 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) pandemic poses new challenges to the healthcare system to provide support for thousands of patients, there is special concern about common medical emergencies, such as stroke, that will continue to occur and will require adequate treatment. The allocation of both material and human resources to fight the pandemic cannot overshadow the care for acute stroke, a time-sensitive emergency that with an inefficient treatment will further increase mortality and long-term disability. Objective: This paper summarizes the recommendations from the Scientific Department on Cerebrovascular Diseases of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology, the Brazilian Society of Cerebrovascular Diseases and the Brazilian Society of Neuroradiology for management of acute stroke and urgent neuro-interventional procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic, including proper use of screening tools, personal protective equipment (for patients and health professionals), and patient allocation.


RESUMO Introdução: A pandemia causada pelo novo coronavírus da síndrome respiratória aguda grave 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) apresenta novos e importantes desafios à gestão de saúde no Brasil. Além da difícil missão de prestar atendimento aos milhares de pacientes infectados pelo COVID-19, os sistemas de saúde têm que manter a assistência às emergências médicas comuns em períodos sem pandemia, tais como o acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), que continuam ocorrendo e requerem tratamento com presteza e eficiência. A alocação de recursos materiais e humanos para o enfrentamento à pandemia não pode comprometer o atendimento ao AVC agudo, uma emergência cujo tratamento é tempo-dependente e se não realizado implica em importante impacto na mortalidade e incapacitação a longo prazo. Objetivo: Este trabalho resume as recomendações do Departamento Científico de Doenças Cerebrovasculares da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia, da Sociedade Brasileira de Doenças Cerebrovasculares e da Sociedade Brasileira de Neurorradiologia para o tratamento do AVC agudo e para a realização de procedimentos de neurointervenção urgentes durante a pandemia de COVID-19, incluindo o uso adequado de ferramentas de triagem e equipamentos de proteção pessoal (para pacientes e profissionais de saúde), além da alocação apropriada de pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infectious Disease Transmission, Professional-to-Patient/prevention & control , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Coronavirus , Disease Management , Neurology/standards , Pneumonia, Viral/complications , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Societies, Medical , Brazil , Coronavirus Infections , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Stroke/therapy , Pandemics/prevention & control , Betacoronavirus
6.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr ; 74(2): 133-7, 2016 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26982991

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Ischemic stroke (IS) prognostic scales may help clinicians in their clinical decisions. This study aimed to assess the performance of four IS prognostic scales in a Brazilian population. METHOD: We evaluated data of IS patients admitted at Hospital Paulistano, a Joint Commission International certified primary stroke center. In-hospital mortality and modified Rankin score at discharge were defined as the outcome measures. The performance of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Stroke Prognostication Using Age and NIHSS (SPAN-100), Acute Stroke Registry and Analysis of Lausanne (ASTRAL), and Totaled Health Risks in Vascular Events (THRIVE) were compared. RESULTS: Two hundred six patients with a mean ± SD age of 67.58 ± 15.5 years, being 55.3% male, were included. The four scales were significantly and independently associated functional outcome. Only THRIVE was associated with in-hospital mortality. With area under the curve THRIVE and NIHSS were the scales with better performance for functional outcome and THRIVE had the best performance for mortality. CONCLUSION: THRIVE showed the best performance among the four scales, being the only associated with in-hospital mortality.


Subject(s)
Brain Ischemia/mortality , Hospital Mortality , Predictive Value of Tests , Severity of Illness Index , Stroke/mortality , Adult , Aged , Brain Ischemia/diagnosis , Brazil , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , ROC Curve , Risk Factors , Stroke/diagnosis
7.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 74(2): 133-137, Feb. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-776445

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective Ischemic stroke (IS) prognostic scales may help clinicians in their clinical decisions. This study aimed to assess the performance of four IS prognostic scales in a Brazilian population. Method We evaluated data of IS patients admitted at Hospital Paulistano, a Joint Commission International certified primary stroke center. In-hospital mortality and modified Rankin score at discharge were defined as the outcome measures. The performance of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Stroke Prognostication Using Age and NIHSS (SPAN-100), Acute Stroke Registry and Analysis of Lausanne (ASTRAL), and Totaled Health Risks in Vascular Events (THRIVE) were compared. Results Two hundred six patients with a mean ± SD age of 67.58 ± 15.5 years, being 55.3% male, were included. The four scales were significantly and independently associated functional outcome. Only THRIVE was associated with in-hospital mortality. With area under the curve THRIVE and NIHSS were the scales with better performance for functional outcome and THRIVE had the best performance for mortality. Conclusion THRIVE showed the best performance among the four scales, being the only associated with in-hospital mortality.


RESUMO Objetivo Escalas de avaliação prognóstica do acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico (AVCI) podem ajudar decisões clinicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho de quatro escalas prognósticas em uma população brasileira. Método Foram avaliados os dados de pacientes admitidos com AVCI no Hospital Paulistano, um hospital acreditado pela “Joint Commission International”. A mortalidade intra-hospitalar e a escala de Rankin foram definidos como desfechos de evolução clínica. O desempenho de quatro escalas: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Stroke Prognostication Using Age and NIHSS (SPAN-100), Acute Stroke Registry and Analysis of Lausanne (ASTRAL) e Totaled Health Risks in Vascular Events (THRIVE) foi comparado. Resultados Foram incluídos duzentos e seis pacientes, com uma idade média de 67,58 ± 15,5 anos, sendo 55,3% dos sexo masculino. Todas as quatro escalas associaram-se de forma independente com prognóstico funcional. Apenas o THRIVE correlacionou-se com a mortalidade hospitalar. O THRIVE e o NIHSS tiveram melhor desempenho para prognóstico funcional e o THRIVE teve o melhor desempenho para mortalidade pela área sob a curva. Conclusão O THRIVE mostrou-se a escala com melhor performance, sendo a única correlacionada com a mortalidade hospitalar.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Severity of Illness Index , Predictive Value of Tests , Hospital Mortality , Stroke/mortality , Prognosis , Brazil , Brain Ischemia/diagnosis , Brain Ischemia/mortality , Risk Factors , ROC Curve , Stroke/diagnosis
8.
São Paulo; s.n; 2015. [83] p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-871518

ABSTRACT

As características morfológicas da placa aterosclerótica têm sido sugeridas como componentes auxiliares à estenose, na avaliação de risco de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), em pacientes com doença aterosclerótica carotídea sintomática. O objetivo desse estudo foi comparar as características da placa aterosclerótica de carótida pelo método de tomografia computadorizada com a análise histológica. Foram incluídos 19 pacientes com doença carotídea sintomática submetidos à TC de placa carotídea antes da realização de endarterectomia carotídea. Uma comparação sistemática entre a TC e a histologia foi realizada para determinar a correspondência entre os componentes da placa seguindo a classificação da "American Heart Association". Foi considerada placa vulnerável o tipo VI. A histologia foi realizada 5 (±2) dias após a TC. Os laudos (radiologia e patologia) foram comparados pelo investigador principal. Foi dosada a proteína C-Reativa (PCR) sérica e realizada avaliação do desempenho do PCR para detectar placa vulnerável, considerando como padrão-ouro o resultado da avaliação histológica. Foi avaliada a relação entre PCR e o tempo entre o evento e a cirurgia. Para tipo de placa aterosclerótica, foi encontrada uma acurácia de 84,2% (IC 95%: 82,8% a 85,6%), da tomografia em relação à histologia. A concordância para identificar ruptura de capa fibrosa com acurácia 94,7% (IC 95%: 94,2% a 95,3%), e, para calcificação, com acurácia 89.5% (IC 95%: 88,5% a 90,5%), foi considerada alta, e moderada para identificar hemorragia (68% acurácia). A concordância é moderada entre PCR de alto risco e placa vulnerável, e não há relação entre PCR, placa vulnerável e tempo de cirurgia. A tomografia de placa carotídea é um bom método não invasivo para detecção de vulnerabilidade da placa, identificação de ruptura de capa fibrosa e calcificação. Na nossa amostra, a concordância entre PCR alto risco e vulnerabilidade foi moderada, e não observamos relação entre...


Plaque morphologic characteristics have been suggested as an auxiliary component to luminal narrowing for assessing the risk of stroke associated with carotid atherosclerotic disease (CAD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of CT angiography (CTA) to categorize carotid artery atherosclerotic plaques (CAP) features in symptomatic patients submitted to endarterectomy according to the AHA histological classification. Nineteen patients with symptomatic CAD who underwent carotid CTA before endarterectomy were enrolled in a prospective study. A systematic comparison of CTA images with histological sections was performed to determine the CT attenuation associated with each component of the CAP. Histologic examination was performed 5 ± 2 days after the CTA. The neuroradiologist's reading of these analyses was compared with the histological slides interpretation performed by the same pathologist according to the CAP features following the AHA classification. The type VI plaque was considered as complicated. The two experts were blinded to each other"s assessments. We performed C reactive Protein (CRP) and the CRP capacity to detect plaque vulnerability, considering histologic features as gold standard and the relation between CRP and time (event-surgery). There was an overall 84.2% (CI 95%: 82.8% a 85.6%), accuracy agreement in CAP classification between CTA and histological analysis. (Tab.1) The agreement between these two methods for the presence of calcification (Tab.2) in the CAP (accuracy 89.5%), and for categorizing the rupture of fibrous cap (accuracy 94,7), was excellent. (Tab. 3). CTA is not a good method to detect hemorrhage (Tab.4). High-risk CRP had moderate power to predict "complicated plaque" (Tab. 4) even as high risk CRP + CTA (Tab.5), There are No relation between CRP, complicated plaque and event to surgery delay. (Tab.6) CTA is a non-invasive tool that may help neurologists to categorize CAP features...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , C-Reactive Protein , Endarterectomy , Histology , Plaque, Atherosclerotic , Stroke , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
11.
Stroke Res Treat ; 2014: 194768, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25580352

ABSTRACT

Background. Stroke mortality in Brazil is one of the highest among Western countries. Nonetheless, stroke outcome determinants are still poorly known in this country. In this study we evaluate outcome determinants of stroke in a primary stroke center in São Paulo, Brazil. Methods. We evaluated demographic, clinical, and outcome data of patients with ischemic stroke (IS), transient ischemic attack (TIA), and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) admitted at "Hospital Paulistano," São Paulo, Brazil. In-hospital mortality and functional outcome determinants were assessed. Univariate and binary logistic regression analysis were performed. Results. Three hundred forty-one patients were included in the study, 52.2% being male with 66.8 ± 15.7 years. The stroke type distribution was IS: 59.2%, TIA: 29.6%, and ICH: 11.1%. ICH was associated with greater severity and poorer functional outcome. The determinants of poorer functional outcome were higher NIHSS, lower Glasgow score, and lower oxygen saturation level. The most important mortality determinant was the presence of visual symptoms. Conclusions. The stroke mortality and stroke outcome determinants found in the present study do not remarkably differ from studies carried out in developed countries. Stroke prognosis studies are crucial to better understand the high burden of stroke in Brazil.

12.
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis ; 22(3): 244-9, 2013 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21963219

ABSTRACT

Emergency medical services (EMS) plays a key role in the recognition and treatment of stroke. This study evaluates the determinants of EMS use in a Brazilian population with acute ischemic stroke. We performed a post hoc analysis of prospectively collected data of consecutive patients admitted to a Brazilian tertiary hospital with acute ischemic stroke. Groups were compared according to their mode of arrival to the hospital: those brought by EMS and those arriving at the hospital by their own means. Among 165 patients evaluated between January and December 2009, 17.6% arrived by EMS and 82.4% arrived by their own means. After multivariate adjustment, individuals with higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at presentation (odds ratio [OR], 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.23 for each point on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score) were more likely to use EMS, as were those with atrial fibrillation (OR, 5.8; 95% CI, 1.41-24.07) and with lower blood pressure at hospital admission (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.56-0.93 for each mm Hg). Patients brought by EMS had trends toward a lower door-to-neuroimaging time and a higher frequency of thrombolysis therapy (13% in EMS users vs 5% in patients arriving by their own means; P = .10). Our data demonstrate that in a Brazilian population with acute ischemic stroke, the patients with more severe stroke, those with atrial fibrillation, and those with lower blood pressure at hospital presentation were more likely to use EMS. EMS use was associated with trends toward a lower door-to-neuroimaging time and a higher frequency of thrombolysis therapy.


Subject(s)
Brain Ischemia/therapy , Emergency Medical Services/statistics & numerical data , Stroke/therapy , Aged , Atrial Fibrillation/epidemiology , Blood Pressure , Brain Ischemia/diagnosis , Brain Ischemia/epidemiology , Brain Ischemia/physiopathology , Brazil/epidemiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Female , Humans , Logistic Models , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/statistics & numerical data , Male , Multivariate Analysis , Odds Ratio , Predictive Value of Tests , Severity of Illness Index , Stroke/diagnosis , Stroke/epidemiology , Stroke/physiopathology , Tertiary Care Centers , Thrombolytic Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Time Factors , Time-to-Treatment , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/statistics & numerical data , Transportation of Patients/statistics & numerical data
13.
Cerebrovasc Dis Extra ; 2(1): 26-35, 2012 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22811686

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Stroke is the fourth leading killer in the US, the first in Brazil and a leading cause of adult long-term disability in both countries. In spite of widespread recommendation, clinical practice guidelines have had limited effect on changing physician behavior. Recognizing that both knowledge and acceptance of guidelines do not necessarily imply guideline adherence, the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA) developed a national stroke quality improvement program, the 'Get With The Guidelines (GWTG) stroke'. Even though GWTG has produced remarkable results in the US, other countries have not adopted the program. METHODS: We compared the stroke treatment quality indicators from a private Brazilian tertiary hospital to those published by the GWTG stroke program. Seven predefined performance measures selected by the GWTG stroke program as targets for stroke quality improvement were evaluated: (1) tissue plasminogen activator use in patients who arrived <2 h from symptom onset; (2) antithrombotic medication use within 48 h of admission; (3) deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis within 48 h of admission for nonambulatory patients; (4) discharge use of antithrombotics; (5) discharge use of anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation; (6) dosing of LDL and treatment for LDL >100 mg/dl in patients meeting the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP) III guidelines, and (7) counseling for smoking cessation. RESULTS: A total of 343 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke (70.8%) or transient ischemic attack (29.2%) were evaluated from August 2008 to December 2010. Antithrombotic medication within 48 h was used in 98.5% of the eligible patients and deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis in 100%. A total of 123 patients arrived within 2 h from symptoms onset, 23 were eligible for intravenous thrombolysis and 16 were treated (69.5%). All eligible patients were discharged using antithrombotic medication, and 86.9% of the eligible patients who had atrial fibrillation received anticoagulation. Only 56.1% of the eligible patients were treated according to the NCEP III guidelines. Counseling for smoking cessation was done in 63.6% of the eligible patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our study is the first in Brazil and the second outside the US to analyze compliance with the GWTG recommendations. Close attention to a better implementation of these measures may produce an improvement in such results similar to what happened after the full implementation of the program in the US. Whether or not a US disease-based registry such as GWTG can be adopted with success beyond the US is still a matter of debate.

14.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 67(4): 973-977, Dec. 2009. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-536000

ABSTRACT

Few trials have evaluated combination of two or more drugs in the preventive treatment of migraine. In this study three therapeutic regimens were compared: (a) propranolol, at a dose of 40 mg per day, (b) nortriptyline, at a dose of 20 mg per day, and (c) the combination of these two drugs in these dosages. The groups were matched according to age, gender, and frequency of migraine attacks prior to treatment. The period of treatment was two months and the frequency and intensity of headache attacks of the 30 days pre-treatment period were compared with the frequency of headaches in the treatment period. Fourteen patients in groups A and B and sixteen patients in group C have completed the study. Treatment with propranolol, alone or in combination, was shown to be effective. Treatment with nortriptyline alone was not effective. All three therapeutic regimens were safe and side effects were minimal. The frequency of discontinuation of the study was the same in the 3 groups but no patient left the study due to adverse reactions. The combined therapy proved to be as safe as the monotherapy. Further studies evaluating this and other possible combinations of drugs in higher doses and for longer periods, should more clearly elucidate the role of combined therapy in the treatment of migraine.


Poucos ensaios clínicos têm avaliado o tratamento preventivo da migrânea através da combinação de drogas. Neste estudo, três regimes terapêuticos foram comparados: (a) popranolol, na dose de 40 mg por dia, (b) nortriptilina, na dose de 20 mg por dia e (c) combinação destas duas drogas nestas dosagens. Os grupos foram pareados de acordo com idade, sexo e freqüência de crises previamente ao tratamento. O período de tratamento foi de dois meses e a frequência e a intensidade das crises de cefaléia do período pré-tratamento foram comparadas com as do período de tratamento. Concluíram o estudo 14 pacientes do grupo A, 14 do grupo B e 16 do grupo C. Os tratamentos com propranolol, isolado ou em associação mostraram-se eficazes. O tratamento com nortriptilina isolada não se mostrou eficaz para a redução do número de dias com cefaléia. Todos os três regimes terapêuticos foram seguros e os efeitos colaterais foram mínimos. A freqüência de abandono do estudo foi a mesma nos 3 grupos e nenhum paciente abandonou o estudo devido a reações adversas. A terapia combinada mostrou-se tão segura quanto a monoterapia. Estudos futuros avaliando esta e outras possíveis combinações de drogas, em doses maiores e por períodos mais longos, deverão elucidar mais claramente o papel da terapia combinada no tratamento da migrânea.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/administration & dosage , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/administration & dosage , Migraine Disorders/drug therapy , Nortriptyline/administration & dosage , Propranolol/administration & dosage , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/adverse effects , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/adverse effects , Double-Blind Method , Drug Therapy, Combination , Migraine Disorders/prevention & control , Nortriptyline/adverse effects , Propranolol/adverse effects , Treatment Outcome
15.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr ; 67(4): 973-7, 2009 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20069203

ABSTRACT

Few trials have evaluated combination of two or more drugs in the preventive treatment of migraine. In this study three therapeutic regimens were compared: (a) propranolol, at a dose of 40 mg per day, (b) nortriptyline, at a dose of 20 mg per day, and (c) the combination of these two drugs in these dosages. The groups were matched according to age, gender, and frequency of migraine attacks prior to treatment. The period of treatment was two months and the frequency and intensity of headache attacks of the 30 days pre-treatment period were compared with the frequency of headaches in the treatment period. Fourteen patients in groups A and B and sixteen patients in group C have completed the study. Treatment with propranolol, alone or in combination, was shown to be effective. Treatment with nortriptyline alone was not effective. All three therapeutic regimens were safe and side effects were minimal. The frequency of discontinuation of the study was the same in the 3 groups but no patient left the study due to adverse reactions. The combined therapy proved to be as safe as the monotherapy. Further studies evaluating this and other possible combinations of drugs in higher doses and for longer periods, should more clearly elucidate the role of combined therapy in the treatment of migraine.


Subject(s)
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/administration & dosage , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/administration & dosage , Migraine Disorders/drug therapy , Nortriptyline/administration & dosage , Propranolol/administration & dosage , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/adverse effects , Adult , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/adverse effects , Double-Blind Method , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Humans , Male , Migraine Disorders/prevention & control , Nortriptyline/adverse effects , Propranolol/adverse effects , Treatment Outcome
19.
J Neurol Sci ; 267(1-2): 36-40, 2008 Apr 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17959198

ABSTRACT

The findings of a neurological evaluation in 85 patients with confirmed, acute, dengue virus infection are described. Signs of central nervous system involvement were present in 18 patients (21.2%). The most frequent neurological symptom was mental confusion. The frequency of neurological involvement did not differ between patients with primary and secondary dengue infection, and the prevalence of central nervous system involvement in dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever also did not differ significantly. The presence of CNS involvement did not influence the prognosis of dengue infection. Dengue viral CSF RNA was found in 7 of 13 patients submitted to a spinal tap, the CSF viral load being less than 1000 copies/ml. PCR was negative in serum samples obtained from three patients on the same day as the CSF samples, suggesting that the dengue virus actively enters the CNS and that the presence of the virus in the CNS does not result from passive crossing of the blood-brain barrier.


Subject(s)
Central Nervous System/physiopathology , Central Nervous System/virology , Dengue/epidemiology , Encephalitis, Viral/epidemiology , Encephalitis, Viral/physiopathology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Blood-Brain Barrier/physiopathology , Blood-Brain Barrier/virology , Brazil/epidemiology , Comorbidity , Dengue Virus/genetics , Encephalitis, Viral/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prevalence , RNA, Viral/blood , RNA, Viral/cerebrospinal fluid , Severe Dengue/epidemiology , Viral Load
20.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 65(4b): 1101-1104, dez. 2007. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-477752

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Transient imaging abnormalities, including changes on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), may be seen in status epilepticus. These abnormalities can be followed by hippocampal sclerosis. CASE REPORT: We report a 15-year-old lady with focal non convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) and focal slowing on EEG. DWI exhibited abnormal hyperintense signals in bilateral temporal and insular cortices. After 3 weeks, MRI performed a localizated hippocampal atrophy. CONCLUSION: The MRI findings indicated vasogenic and cytotoxic edema during seizure activity and subsequent loss of brain parenchyma.


INTRODUÇÃO: Anormalidades transitórias de imagem, incluindo imagens de ressonância magnética por difusão (DWI), podem ser vistas no status epilepticus. Essas anormalidades podem ser seguidas de esclerose hipocampal. RELATO DE CASO: Nós relatamos uma jovem de 15 anos com status focal não convulsivo e lentificação focal no EEG. DWI mostrava sinal hiperintenso em regiões temporais bilaterais e córtex insular. Após 3 semanas, RM de encéfalo mostrava atrofia localizada do hipocampo. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados de RM indicam edema vasogênico e citotóxico durante as crises epilépticas com subseqüente atrofia de parênquima cerebral.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Hippocampus/pathology , Status Epilepticus/pathology , Atrophy/pathology , Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Electroencephalography , Sclerosis/complications , Sclerosis/pathology , Status Epilepticus/complications
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...