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1.
Exp Oncol ; 31(1): 52-6, 2009 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19300418

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: Esophagogastric cancers have high recurrence rates with lymph nodes being a common pattern. Pre-treatment anemia has been reported an independent prognostic factor of treatment failure regardless of treatment strategy, particularly associated with poor locoregional control. A causative relationship between anemia - tumor hypoxia - tumor aggressiveness mediated by angiogenesis up-regulation is advocated, yet remains controversial. AIM: To determine whether and how the pre-treatment anemia is associa-ted with various aspects of disease aggressiveness and to evaluate the possible involvement of angiogenesis mediators. METHODS: In 111 esophagogastric cancer patients we investigated the association of pre-treatment hemoglobin concentration and anemia presence with cancer-related, patients-related features and laboratory parameters including angiogenic factors: vascular endothelial growth factors A and C, interleukin-8 and midkine. Serum levels of angiogenic factors were assessed with immunoenzymatic tests. RESULTS: Histology, disease stage, regional metastasis and dissemination in general, malnutrition and angiogenesis represented by midkine were found to correlate with anemia presence and hemoglobin concentration, while tumor extension, patient's age and sex accounted only for anemia presence. A tendency towards hemoglobin correlation with VEGF-A and Il-8 was also observed. Midkine, tumor histology and malnutrition were found to exert an independent effect on pre-treatment hemoglobin concentration and anemia presence in esophagogastric cancer patients. Hemoglobin level of 12 g/dL was found an optimal cut-off value for discrimination between localized and disseminated cancers. CONCLUSIONS: Even a mild pre-treatment anemia is associated with cancers metastasizing especially to regional lymph nodes, which seems to be mediated by some of studied angiogenic factors.


Subject(s)
Anemia/complications , Angiogenesis Inducing Agents/blood , Esophageal Neoplasms/complications , Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cytokines/blood , Cytokines/immunology , Esophageal Neoplasms/immunology , Esophageal Neoplasms/physiopathology , Female , Hemoglobins/analysis , Humans , Interleukin-8/blood , Interleukin-8/immunology , Lymphatic Metastasis , Male , Middle Aged , Midkine , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/blood , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C/blood
2.
Exp Oncol ; 30(1): 75-80, 2008 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18438346

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: A number of esophageal cancer patients suffer from respiratory insufficiency due to the coexistence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). AIM: To test the hypothesis that COPD-related systemic hypoxemia may result in accelerated inflammation, malnutrition, and angiogenesis in esophageal cancer patients. METHODS: Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, transferrin, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, TNF-alpha, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB), and midkine and patient BMI and weight-loss rate were determined and compared with blood oxygenation status (pO(2), SaO(2)) in 35 esophageal cancer patients and 42 controls. RESULTS: The incidence of cachexia tended to be higher in patients with systemic hypoxemia (67% vs 40%, p = 0.169). Mean SaO(2) level was also significantly decreased in cachectic patients (90.3 vs 93.3%, p = 0.026) and pO(2) exhibited a similar trend (58.0 vs 63.4 mmHg, p = 0.120). Transferrin (234 vs 316 mg/dl, p = 0.005) and albumin (31.9 vs 37.1 mg/dl, p= 0.002) concentrations were reduced and CRP was elevated (129.9 vs 54.7 mg/l, p = 0.004) in hypoxemic patients and correlated with pO(2) (r = 0.47, p = 0.016; r= 0.48, p = 0.012; r = -0.37, p = 0.064) and SaO(2) (r = 0.52, p = 0.006; r = 0.53, p = 0.006; r = -0.40, p= 0.042). Interleukin-6 (9.97 vs 2.21 pg/ml, p = 0.005) and midkine (2101 vs 944 pg/ml, p < 0.001) were elevated and PDGF-BB was decreased (12.2 vs 17.3 pg x 10(-6)/PLT, p = 0.014) in hypoxemic compared with normoxemic patients. Interleukin-6 and midkine negatively correlated with pO(2) (r = -0.44, p = 0.016; r = -0.42, p = 0.011) and SaO(2) (r = -0.54, p = 0.003; r = -0.57, p < 0.0001) and PDGF-BB correlated positively (r = 0.53, p = 0.003; r = 0.44, p = 0.020). Interleukin-8 level was affected by pO(2) (r = -0.55, p = 0.015) and SaO(2) (r= -0.55, p = 0.018) only in hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: COPD-related systemic hypoxemia negatively affects the status of esophageal cancer patients by accelerating inflammation, under-nutrition, and angiogenesis.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications , Esophageal Neoplasms/complications , Inflammation/etiology , Malnutrition/etiology , Neovascularization, Pathologic/etiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications , Respiratory Insufficiency/complications , Acute-Phase Proteins/analysis , Adenocarcinoma/blood , Adenocarcinoma/complications , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Adult , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/blood , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Case-Control Studies , Cytokines/blood , Disease Progression , Esophageal Neoplasms/blood , Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology , Female , Humans , Inflammation/blood , Inflammation Mediators/analysis , Inflammation Mediators/blood , Male , Malnutrition/blood , Middle Aged , Neovascularization, Pathologic/blood , Nutritional Status/physiology , Oxygen/blood , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/blood , Respiratory Insufficiency/blood , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology
3.
Exp Oncol ; 29(3): 236-42, 2007 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18004252

ABSTRACT

AIM: Due to the common etiologic factor, a considerable number of esophagogastric cancer patients suffer from respiratory insufficiency in course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, primary to cancer. Systemic hypoxemia may account for poor oxygenation of tumor tissue-a main driving force of tumor neoangiogenesis. We hypothesized that in cancer patients with respiratory insufficiency, systemic hypoxemia may be related to enhanced aggressiveness of cancer on one side and to the elevation of angiogenic factors on the other. METHODS: The levels of vascular endothelial growth factors A and C were determined with immunoenzymatic methods in patients diagnosed with esophagogastric cancer with or without co-existing respiratory insufficiency in course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in healthy controls. Blood gasometry and hemoglobin levels of cancer patients were related to cancer histology and TNM status, and to circulating vascular endothelial growth factors A and C. RESULTS: Patients with systemic hypoxemia had higher incidence rates of locally advanced tumors. Partial oxygen pressure and blood oxygen saturation were significantly lowered in patients with T4 cancers as compared to less advanced ones. Circulating vascular endothelial growth factor A, but not C, was more elevated in esophagogastric cancer patients with co-existing respiratory insufficiency, as compared to those without respiratory insufficiency. Vascular endothelial growth factor A was also strongly related to the extension of primary tumor. CONCLUSION: Our results show that systemic hypoxemia in esophagogastric cancer patients is associated with the extension of primary tumor and that this effect might be mediated by the up-regulation of circulating vascular endothelial growth factor A.


Subject(s)
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/complications , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/pathology , Hypoxia/complications , Hypoxia/physiopathology , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/blood , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C/blood , Aged , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/metabolism , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism , Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology , Respiratory Insufficiency/complications , Respiratory Insufficiency/physiopathology
4.
Biomarkers ; 12(4): 403-13, 2007.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17564845

ABSTRACT

Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is a key factor for selection of treatment method and patients' prognosis in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, no biomarkers able to support the clinical detection of LNM have been reported. Recently, vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) was found to be a more accurate marker of LNM in lung cancer than computed tomography. Midkine is a multifunctional cytokine involved in cancer development. We investigated circulating midkine levels in ESCC patients (n=73) compared with those in healthy subjects (n=42) with double-antibody-sandwich indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DASI-ELISA). We found that midkine was elevated in ESCC and involved in metastatic disease. Serum midkine (sMK) was a good marker of LNM, evaluated both clinically and pathologically, as revealed by ROC analysis. It also correlated with serum levels of VEGF-C. The increase of sMK was related to cancer cells, although a weak correlation was observed between sMK and platelet and leucocyte counts.


Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/blood , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/blood , Cytokines/blood , Esophageal Neoplasms/blood , Lymphatic Metastasis/physiopathology , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C/blood , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Midkine
5.
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol ; 126(1): 109-20, 2000 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10825670

ABSTRACT

This paper describes isolation of electrophoretically homogenous enolase from Candida albicans. The purification involved: disintegration of C. albicans cells in a Braun's mill (67-100%) ammonium sulfate precipitation, chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 at pH 9.0 and chromatography on CM-Sephadex A-50 at pH 6.2. The procedure resulted in a 30-fold purification of the enzyme with a recovery rate of 6% and a specific activity 35 U mg-1. The subunit molecular weight was 46 kDa and the pH optimum of the enzyme was 6.8. Km and Vmax values for the 2PGA-->PEP reaction were determined (Km = 0.95 mM, Vmax = 4200 mumol min-1 mumol-1). In the absence of orthophosphate, inhibition by fluoride was competitive, which became noncompetitive in the presence of phosphate. It was confirmed that Mg2+ is the most potent activator (Km = 0.286 mM); Mn2+ gave less activity and Zn2+ less still. It was also demonstrated that the presence of two types of cations in the reaction mixture nullified the activatory effect of the stronger agent. Properties of the enzyme from C. albicans are compared with those of enolases from other sources.


Subject(s)
Candida albicans/enzymology , Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/metabolism , Cations, Divalent , Fluorides , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Ions , Kinetics , Metals , Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/antagonists & inhibitors , Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/isolation & purification
6.
Acta Biochim Pol ; 38(1): 139-43, 1991.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1796695

ABSTRACT

The treatment of enolase from pig and carp (Cyprinus carpio) with proteases resulted in a decrease of enzymatic activity, which depended on the kind of protease used. The most active were trypsin and subtilisin. Substrate and magnesium ions protected enolase against inactivation. The enolase from pig muscle was much more resistant to protease action than this enzyme from carp muscle. Some differences in the structure between the two enolases are suggested.


Subject(s)
Endopeptidases/pharmacology , Muscles/enzymology , Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/metabolism , Animals , Carps , Enzyme Activation/drug effects , Kinetics , Magnesium/pharmacology , Muscles/drug effects , Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/chemistry , Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/drug effects , Substrate Specificity , Swine
7.
Biochem Int ; 14(5): 805-14, 1987 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3454643

ABSTRACT

Enolase from carp (Cyprinus Carpio) muscle was modified by diethylpyrocarbonate, tetranitromethane, N-bromosuccinimide and 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). The extent and rate of modification and its effect on the enzyme activity were determined. Modification of histidine, tyrosine and tryptophan residues caused complete inactivation of the enzyme; Mg2+ as well as 2-phosphoglycerate markedly altered the rates of modification and inactivation. The above-mentioned amino acid residues seem to be essential for the functioning of muscle enolases. Modification of cysteine residues had no effect on the enolase activity.


Subject(s)
Amino Acids/physiology , Carps/metabolism , Cyprinidae/metabolism , Muscles/enzymology , Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/antagonists & inhibitors , Animals , Bromosuccinimide/pharmacology , Cysteine/physiology , Diethyl Pyrocarbonate/pharmacology , Histidine/physiology , Nitrogen/metabolism , Tetranitromethane/pharmacology , Tryptophan/physiology , Tyrosine/physiology
8.
Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) ; 34(1): 93-9, 1986.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2430546

ABSTRACT

After modification of histidine residues, enolase from carp muscles lost the ability to precipitate with antibodies against native enzyme. This ability remained after nitration of tyrosine residues, but the immunoelectrophoretic pattern--localisation and height of arcs--differed from that of native enolase. Minor changes of this pattern were found in enolase with modified tryptophan residues.


Subject(s)
Amino Acids/immunology , Carps/metabolism , Cyprinidae/metabolism , Muscles/enzymology , Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/immunology , Protein Processing, Post-Translational , Animals , Epitopes/immunology , Histidine/metabolism , Immunoelectrophoresis/methods , Immunoelectrophoresis, Two-Dimensional/methods , Structure-Activity Relationship , Tryptophan/metabolism , Tyrosine/metabolism
9.
Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) ; 32(1): 103-9, 1984.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6477063

ABSTRACT

Anti-BPTI-antibody inactivated the antitrypsin activity of basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. Esterification of BPTI with methanol did not affect its antitrypsin activity and precipitate formation with antibody. Acetylation, maleylation and hexa-S-carboxylation of BPTI completely inactivated the inhibitor reactivity and markedly diminished its precipitating ability. Performic acid oxidized BPTI and thermolysin digested BPTI lost its antitrypsin as well as antigenic activities. The both preparations as well as oxidized N-acetyl-L-cysteinyl-L-lysyl-L-alanylglycylglycyl-L-cysteine amide did not affect the complex formation between the inhibitor and antibody.


Subject(s)
Antibodies/immunology , Trypsin Inhibitor, Kunitz Soybean/immunology , Trypsin Inhibitors/immunology , Animals , Antibody Specificity , Antigen-Antibody Reactions , Binding Sites , Cattle , Immunochemistry , Rabbits
10.
Comp Biochem Physiol B ; 75(4): 693-8, 1983.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6352164

ABSTRACT

The enolase (2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolyase E.C. 4.2.1.11) from carp muscle was obtained, the specific activity--88 U/mg of protein. Km for 2-phosphoglycerate was 0.313 mM and for phosphoenolpyruvate--0.76 mM. The enzyme is active only in the presence of divalent metal ions, Mg2+ being the best activator. The phosphate and fluoride decreased the activity of enzyme. The molecular weight of the dimeric form of enzyme was found to be 93,000. The enzyme is immunologically different from pig muscle enolase.


Subject(s)
Carps/metabolism , Cyprinidae/metabolism , Muscles/enzymology , Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/isolation & purification , Animals , Humans , Kinetics , Molecular Weight , Phosphates/pharmacology , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology , Species Specificity , Swine
11.
Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) ; 29(5): 543-9, 1981.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6127063

ABSTRACT

Light form of bovine kidney gamma-glutamyl transferase was isolated from heavy form of the enzyme after digestion with bromelain. Its apparent molecular weight was 95,000 and in SDS solution it dissociated into two non-identical subunits with molecular weights 26,000 and 69,000. No substantial differences between both forms in activation, kinetic parameters and inhibition with anthglutin and its isomers were noted. Using enzyme immunoassay it was possible to determine one enzyme form in the presence of the other. This was applied for studies of gamma-glutamyltransferase forms in cow serum and colostrum.


Subject(s)
gamma-Glutamyltransferase/immunology , Animals , Cattle , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Kidney/enzymology , Kinetics , Molecular Weight , gamma-Glutamyltransferase/metabolism
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