ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze the association of the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) with various parameters in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (mHD). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted, enrolling 68 subjects (41 men, 27 women) on mHD in the Hemodialysis Unit, Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Indonesia. CIMT was measured with B-mode ultrasonography using a USG Sonoace 8000 and a 7.5 MHz linear transducer. RESULTS: CIMT was higher in subjects with cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with those without CVD (0.6494 vs 0.7288 mm; P=0.026), and in men compared with women (0.7056 vs 0.6141 mm; P=0.003). CIMT was correlated with age (R=0.607; P<0.001), plasma albumin (R=-0.291, P=0.016), serum phosphate (R=-0.294, P=0.015), calcium-phosphate product (R=-0.284, P=0.011), and plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (R=0.279, P=0.030). However, after multiple linear regression testing, only age consistently had a role in determining the CIMT value (ß=0.452, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Subjects with CVD have higher CIMT than those without CVD and men had higher CIMT than women. In addition, older age, higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and lower albumin, phosphate, and calcium-phosphate product levels were correlated with higher CIMT. Age was the most important marker for CIMT in subjects on mHD.
ABSTRACT
AIM: to obtain profile of food and nutrient intake in Indonesian elderly population and factors associated with energy intake. METHODS: multi-center cross sectional study in 13 hospitals across Indonesia was conducted among 387 elderly who had attended geriatric clinics. Data collected including demographic characteristics, functional status, cognitive status, mental status, nutritional status, food intake, present activities, and data on chronic diseases. Chi square and logistic regression tests were performed to analyze the data. RESULTS: most of subjects (58.4%) were women and had educational background senior high school or higher degree (61.1%). The average of energy intake was 1266.74 (336.51) kilocalories. Calcium and protein intake were below the recommended of dietary allowance. female sex (OR 0.23; 95% CI 0.139-0.390) and osteoporotic subjects (OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.25-0.93) have lower risk for having <80% RDA daily energy intake, while lower educational level (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.21-3.18) has higher risk for having <80% RDA daily energy intake. CONCLUSION: total energy intake were inadequate in the elderly. Female sex and osteoporotic subjects have lower risk for having <80% RDA daily energy intake, while lower educational level has higher risk for having <80% RDA daily energy intake.
